I write the following at your request.

The use of the ordinary park seats, either moveable or fixed, is to be {avoided} on the Capitol Grounds both as a matter of taste and propriety and because of the disorder and misuse to which they would lead.

The inconvenience of having no place for resting in them would however be too great and if this were attempted some unsuitable expedient would probably in the end be adopted, as such expedients have been heretofore.

The summer house in question is designed principally to provide for persons passing through the Southwest quarter of the grounds, a cool and shady place in which a few minutes rest can be taken without interruption to the walks or breaking the leading lines of view. Secondly to provide a drinking [508] fountain about which a number of persons may stand without obstruction to the walks, and lastly, incidental to the above purposes, to secure conditions favorable to certain types of beauty in vegetation.

It is designed in materials and forms to be enduring and to offer the least temptation or opportunity to careless or wanton injury, or for indecent or unseemly practices.

Standing well out of the walks, the seats which it contains are open to view from them and a watchman in passing by will be able to see all within. The seats are divided so they can be used only as seats, not as lounges. The entrances are furnished with lock-gates to be closed at night.

The walls are thick and double for coolness. It is so built into the hillside that to one coming down the slope it does not obstruct the western prospect.

When over grown with ivy it will be indistinguishable in any general view across the grounds, being merged in the adjoining verdure. By placing the floor on a level with the walk on the down-hill side ample head room is obtained under the roofs with the least possible exterior exposure of walls

The walls back of the seats on the two lower sides above the level of the ground are of perforated stone to allow a circulation of air. For the same reason the central portion is open to the sky. On the uphill side a deep alcove of rock work is provided, looked into from the house through an oval stone frame through which a rivulet is carried (being the waste water from the old fountain at the west entrance to the Capitol.) The alcove is shaded and the rock-work is designed to be mainly covered with the more delicate ivies.

It is also provided with numerous crannies opening into deposits of wood earth back of the walls for ferns and several flowering mountain plants. The arrangement is such that they will be inaccessible to pilferers and once established, may be expected to thrive with little gardening care. Moderate soil-moisture during extreme droughts is secured by several, slowly percolating tanks back of the walls. The aim is to produce in the hottest and driest season an effect of coolness, moisture, shade and airiness in association with deep, rich and luxurient verdure. No exotics are to be used.

The parting of the rivulet in the rock-work and the outflow of the simple drinking fountain to stand in the centre of the house will contribute to the effect. The water of the drinking fountain passes into filtering tanks to give moisture to the ivy on the South and West sides and thence falls six feet into water under the floor grating. The roof is designed to be mantled with ivy both within and without. There are openings in the brick work for the ivy to creep through. The roof the and parts of the brick-work are roughened to give it a better hold.

It will take about three years for the plants to grow to a point at which the esthetic motives of the design will begin to be realized.

I have recevd your note asking advice about the Middlesex Fells project. The scheme when I visited the ground was yet so indefinite and my observations were so cursory that I do not know upon what points advice is needed which I am qualified to give.

You use the word park however with reference to the project and I have heard something said of the fitness of certain localities for particular purposes which indicated a disposition to associate, with the main purpose, various side shows such as are generally thought of in connection with a park scheme—some of which would lead on to structures and to a garden like treatment of parts of the property.

This will perhaps justify me in stating what I think to be the most important lesson of my professional study. Since this began thirty years ago, I have not only been in supervision of several large parks and numerous smaller grounds but have a number of times personally reviewed the principal public grounds of Europe & closely followed their history. In all I have found the difficulty of pursuing anyone leading purpose through a series of years in a consistent and single minded way the chief source of inefficient managmnt, extravagance & waste.

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This difficulty lies mainly in an unrecognized conflict between interest in the main & interest in minor motives of the works in question. Hence I say that I have learned nothing of more importance than the wisdom of rigidly limiting the objects to be pursued on each piece of ground and of developing in the highest degree whatever may be the distinguishing characteristics of each particular property.

I may add that lovers of nature without special experience seldom realize how much more difficult it is to obtain and preserve in much frequented public grounds what is asked for under the name of simple natural aspects of scenery than to secure the most elaborate and finished gardening effects.

The natural drift of men in prosecuting improvements of ground is almost irresistably to the undue multiplication of features & incidents and to formality and fussiness. The capacity and disposition to apply art to the concealmnt of art though much talked of & professed is exceedingly rare.

Therefore it should be kept in mind that when as in this case the impulse of an undertaking comes from an appreciation of the beauty & use of absolutely wild sylvan scenery it is most desirable to avoid complicating the purpose of preserving & developing such scenery & making it available to the public with any other of the more generally recognized purposes of public parks and gardens.

If the scheme succeeds as soon as the work is well under way it will be found that all the means that can be obtained for it will be inadequate to do all that is desirable in respect to its initial purpose in a thoroughly excellent manner.

There will be a question whether the results of the general policy which it is my aim to suggest would be of sufficiently varied popular interest to obtain public support. I recognize that there is a misled & misleading public opinion in this respect which at the outset may have to be somewhat boldly met but I am confident that after a short time, the pride and pleasure which the public interested would have in a ground perfectly unique in character, that character being consistently sustained in all its borders with artistic completeness & finish would be much greater than it would be in any ground of more complex & sophisticated character.

The topography of Middlesex Fells is most unsuitable for a park. To give it a park character and adapt it to ordinary park managemnt and use would be an absurdly costly operation.

What is adviseable & what can be done cheaply, profitably and with a wise and noble beneficence, is to take it as it stands, develop to the utmost its natural characteristics, and make it a true retreat not only from town but from suburban conditions.

The few structures and blots of cultivation which already mar its natural character should be removed; operations for its public use either inconsiderately crude or out of keeping through unnecessary nicety should be avoided; the intrusion upon its prospects of all objects and scenes incongruous [512] with its natural characteristics should be as much as possible guarded against; every inducement should be offered visitors to ramble and wander about and the least possible temptation should be put in their way to come together in clusters, crowds and throngs; most of all everything of a show, museum or toy shop order, everything smart or splendid, everything spectacular, sensational, bustling and fussy should be kept as far away as possible.

I trust that this advice is not needed but if you think it will tend to strengthen sound convictions and intentions it is heartily at your service.