GENERAL INDEX

Italic numbers indicate illustrations.

• Academic campus design, 129–32. See also names of individual colleges and universities
• Adams, Charles Francis, 566
• Agnew, Cornelius Rea, 556–57
• Ainsworth, Seymour, 58
• Aldrich, James Colwell, 72, 113, 378, 379, 383, 386, 702, 720; removal by DPP, 375–76, 381, 385, 386
• Allen, Sir Hugh, 91
• Alphand, Jean-Charles-Adolphe, 265, 332–33
• American Architect and Building News, 188, 205, 326, 327, 483
• American Institute of Architects, 294, 303, 324, 326; and the New York State Capitol Remonstrance, 184, 185–86, 186, 188, 197, 205–6, 300–301, 302, 317
• American Museum of Natural History (N.Y.C.), 359, 361–62, 443
• American Public Health Association, 265
• American Social Science Association, 250, 524
• American Zoological and Botanical Society, 391, 362
• André, Édouard François (1840–1911), 230, 327, 335, 395, 633–34, 650; on decorative gardening, 633; L’Art des Jardins, 393–95, 634; on Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, 631
• Architects, on design competitions, 296, 297–98, 303, 363–65
• Architectural competitions, 296, 297–98, 303, 363–65
• Architectural Iron Works, 59
• Architecture, essence of, 315–16
• Architektonisches Skizzen-buch, 528
• Arnold Arboretum (Boston, Mass.), 334, 395, 496; arrangement between Harvard College and City of Boston for, 484–89; description of site, 484–88, 489; FLO’s role in, 12, 69, 334, 395, 450, 484–85, 488, 488–89; plan for, 486–87, 570
• Asylum design: Buffalo Asylum (State hospital), 174, 327, 424, 479; McLean Asylum, 10, 197
• Attrill, Henry Y., 415, 417–18, 419
• Auchmuty, Richard T., 303
• Babcock, Orville E. (General), 42, 54; Olmsted on, 42
• Bacharach, Mortiz, 666, 707
• Back Bay (Boston, Mass.), 517–21, 568–69; drainage of (basin for), 517–18; neighborhoods of, 520–21
• [740]
• Back Bay Fens (Boston, Mass.), 428, 430, 482, 571; beaches in, 460, 463; boats in, 459; circulation system of, 459–62, 463; collection of water-birds and fish in, 459, 463; Commonwealth Avenue, extension of, 461, 463; control of flood waters in, 456–57; criticism of FLO’s plan for, 483–84; design competition for, 10–11, 363, 365, 462, 650; FLO’s plan for, 11–12, 452–53, 454–56, 462; landscape effect for, 454–58; marshland scenery of, 387–88, 483; name for, 428, 430; plan for, 194, 570; plants for, 457, 461; promenade in, 456, 459–60; purchase of lands for, 454, 462; purpose of, 451; sanitary condition of, 457, 481–82; site of, 451, 454, 462; Stony Brook diversion, 454, 455; structures of, 460–61; treatment of, 388–90, 454–58, 481–82
  • —bridges, 447–49, 450; Boylston Street Bridge, 447–48, 450, 460–61; Commonwealth Avenue bridge, 449; Railroad bridge, 447, 459–60
  • —Muddy River, diversion of, 454, 456, 462
• Back Bay Park (of 1876), 193, 197, 454; approaches to, 195; location of, 193, 198; park-way of, 194, 195, 196, 198; plans for, 429, 448
• Bacon, Francis, 225, 228, 644
• Bacon, Hackley B., 706
• Baltimore, Maryland, 268; squares in, 273
  • —Washington Monument, squares for, 266–72, 276, 366–37, 368; cost, 273; FLO’s compensation and, 369; FLO visits to, 368; fountains in, 269, 270, 272; management of, 367–69; plans for, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275; seasonal gardens for, 269–70, 272, 276
• Barillet-Deschamps, Jean-Pierre, 633, 651
• Barnard, Frederick A. P., 357–58
• Barras, Charles M., The Black Crook, 416
• Barret, Mary, 331, 335
• Barrett, Addison, 63
• Barton, Frederick, 649
• Bath, England, 264
• Baxter, Sylvester, 512
• Belle Isle (Detroit, Mich.), plan for, 592; park commission of, 572–73
• Bellows, Henry Whitney (1814–1882), 384, 433–34, 439, 441, 444; on Calvert Vaux, 434; on FLO and Central Park, 434–35; Historical Sketch of the Union Club . . . of New York, 433–34; relations with FLO, 433–34
• Bennett, James Gordon, 718
• Berry, W. M., 527
• Bickmore, Albert Smith, 337
• Bissinger, Philip, 122, 128, 129, 646, 707, 709, 710
• Blackwood, Frederick Temple (Lord Dufferin), 471, 472
• Blatchford, Richard M., 377
• Bloor, Alfred J., 184, 186, 302, 326; relations with Vaux, 326, 327; on Vaux’s role in CP design, 324–26, 327
• Board of Commissioners of the Central Park (N.Y.C.) (1857–1870), 80, 143–44, 349, 358, 361, 632–33; and creation of Central Park, 636–37; and early relations with FLO, 640; FLO and Vaux resign, 647; and FLO’s positions on CP, 640–41, 642–43, 647; membership of, 640, 642; patronage pressures on, 615–16; and plans of Central Park, 632–33; political affiliation’s of, 636, 637; and street plans in 1867, 249
• Board of Commissioners of the Department of Public Parks (N.Y.C.) (1870–), 80, 143, 349, 361, 383, 607–9, 627–28, 629, 654, 664, 720; abolishes Exotic and Propagating Department, 82; and alteration of original CP plan, 633–35; appropriations and, 685–86, 687–88, 711, 720; and architects, 608; and Battery sea wall, 671; and Bureau of Design and Superintendence, 373, 384, 642–43, 713; and charges against FLO for official misdemeanors, 624–25; construction funds for 1875, 687–88; and contractors, 375, 379, 381, 383, 661, 664, 684, 699, 702; and debate over control of Riverside Avenue, 656–57; and eight-hour work day, 84, 663–64, 682; and FLO as Landscape Architect Advisory, 611, 642–43; FLO as President and Treasurer of, 80, 544, 548, 613, 640, 645; FLO’s leave of absence from, 359, 362, 373, 384, 648; and FLO’s opinion of commissioners, 606–7, 612; FLO’s salary with, 373, 384; and fountains, 684, 715; journalistic criticism of, 160–62, 607, 610, 611, 617, 625, 627, 632–33, 641, 650, 676, 694–95, 713; laborers [741] for, 661; lobbying by, 661, 685, 697; management practices of, 605–6, 626, 631–32; membership of, 609–10, 641–42, 670–71, 676, 710; and office of landscape gardening, 125, 128, 610, 622, 626; and organization of gardeners for CP, 691–92, 716; and “Park Defense Organisation,” 611, 644; patronage pressures on, 6, 613–17, 654–55, 657–64, 668–95, 697–702, 703–4, 706, 709–11, 715; and plan for the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards, 242–28, 249, 251–63, 265; policies of, 606–7; and “practical” management, 612; and public concern over landscape art of the Park, 610–11; and reduction of FLO’s authority, 713; reinstates FLO’s pay, 625; relations of Board with Vaux, 606, 643; relations with FLO, 606–7, 624–25, 643, 646; relations with Tammany Hall, 162; remonstrance against, for removal of FLO, 373–74, 384, 435–36, 642; and reorganization of the park keepers, 618; and Riverdale plan, 251, 256, 263–64, 265; and Riverside Park and Avenue, 114, 705; and the Tweed Ring, 122, 544–45; Calvert Vaux and, 593–94; and wages, 660–61, 663–64, 672, 675, 684–86, 689–90, 702–3, 715, 720; withholds FLO’s salary, 382, 387, 624–25; and work stoppages, 671–72, 684, 711. See also Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards
  • —appointments and dismissals by: appointments of FLO or Vaux and, 640–41, 643, 647; appoints Aldrich superintending engineer of Riverside Ave, 378, 386; appoints Aneurin Jones superintendent, 587; appoints FLO Consulting Landscape Architect, 384, 626, 648; appoints Vaux Superintending Architect, 641 ; dismisses FLO and Vaux as landscape architects (1870), 3, 647; dismisses FLO as Landscape Architect, 5, 625; dismisses J. J. R. Croes, 374, 385; dismisses William L. Fischer, 374, 385; reappoints FLO and Vaux landscape architects, 4, 647; relieves FLO from supervising park maintenance, 127; removes FLO from Bureau of Design and Superintendence, 373–74, 381–82, 384, 435–36
  • —Reorganization of the Park Board: abolition of park board for single head, 639, 652, 695–97, 718–19; and plan for two-member park board, 640–41; 1873 reorganization, 4; reorganization from 5 to 4 members, 666–67
• Bogart, John, 82, 223, 276, 385, 647, 685, 702, 706, 711, 720
• Bois de Boulogne (Paris), 140, 195, 256
• Boston, Mass., 246, 561–62; Brighton Park, 1876 proposal for, 568, 571; and Charles River Embankment, 193, 195, 197–98, 569; comprehensive park system for, 567–69; FLO’s involvement with 1876 proposal, 10, 192–98; Jamaica Pond, 193, 569, 570; Parker Hill Reservoir, 193, 194, 198; parks and public spaces in, 9–13, 570; parochial allegiances in, 567; pleasure drive in, 456; Public Garden, 454, 569
  • —Muddy River, 569; diversion of, 454, 456, 462; improvement of, 517–20, 571; plans for improvement of, 519, 570
  • —park commission of: and arrangement for Arnold Arboretum, 489; and Elm Hill property, 193, 195, 198; FLO’s relations with, 192–93; 1876 park system proposal, 10, 13, 195–97, 337, 567, 571; and sites for parks, 567–71
  • —streets of: West Chester Park Avenue, 456, 462 . See Commonwealth Avenue
  • —West Roxbury Park, (Franklin Park), 198, 529, 531, 567–69; and Elm Hill property, 193, 195; land to be deaccessioned, 530; plans for, 529, 531, 570; site of, 193, 195, 528–31. See also Arnold Arboretum; Back Bay Fens; Back Bay Park
• Boston Common, 569
• Boston Public Garden, 454, 463, 569
• Bowditch, Ernest William, 650
• Bowen, Dennis, 174, 231–33
• Brace, Charles Loring, 593
• Brace, Letitia Neill, 594
• Brackenridge, William D., 54
• Bradley, William Hammatt, 483
• Braman, Waters W., 706
• Brighton (England), 264
• Brighton Beach, N.Y., hotels at, 403, 405–6
• Brookline, Mass., 458, 520; Aspinwall Hill Land Company, 20; FLO’s plan for [742] Barthold Schlesinger’s estate, 469, 538, 602; FLO’s residence in, 523, 601, 602, 603; Holm Lea estate, 470; parkway of, 198, 520–21; railroad embankment in, 518
  • —Muddy River, 462; improvement of, 517–22; plans for improvement of, 519, 570
• Brooklyn, NY, 443; access to Rockaway beaches from, 401, 403, 410, 419, 444; Board of Commissioners of Prospect Park, turf usage and, 161, 163; East River Bridge, 653; FLO’s relations with park commission of, 67, 161, 704; Green-Wood Cemetery, 137. See also Prospect Park
• Brooks, Erastus, 649
• Brown, Lancelot “Capability,” 337
• Browne, Albert Gallatin, 83
• Brush, Alexander, 504
• Bryant, John, 593
• Bryant, Owen, 593
• Bryant, William Cullen, 323
• Buchanan, William Oliver, 503–4
• Buckinghamshire (England), 337
• Buffalo, NY: City and County Hall in, 170–71, 172–73, 708–9; Delaware Street (Avenue), 101, 103; and Ladies Union Monument Association, 103; parkways of, 103; State Asylum in, 174, 327, 424, 479; war memorial in, 101–2, 103
  • —Buffalo Park Commission: creation of, 103; and Fillmore Avenue, 229, 231, 333; laborers’ pay and, 229–30, 663–64, 670
  • —Delaware Park (The Park), 103, 229–30, 231–33; Gala Water (lake), 230; lakeshore plantings of, 234; names of features in, 304–5; seasonal work on the plantations of, 229–30, 231–32, 234; Spirehead area in, 234; work force in, 229–30, 231
  • —parks and public spaces in, 101–2, 303; late additions to plan for, 232; Niagara Square, 99–101, 103; Niagara Square, plan, 100; public meetings on, 328–29; Soldiers Place, 102, 103; visits to, 663, 670
• Bulfinch, Charles, 42
• Bullard, Oliver Crosby, 4, 67, 82, 134, 369, 502, 514
• Burges, William, 131, 132
• Burnham, Gordon, 49, 50
• Cady, J. C., 641
• Calhoun, John S., 42
• Calkins, Frank A., 671, 684–85, 711, 720
• Calkins, Hiram, 715
• Campbell, George Douglas, 480–81
• Campbell, J. L. (Dr.), 331–32, 384
• Campbell, John Douglass Sutherland (Marquis of Lome), 425, 481
• Cape May, N.J., 403
• Carlyle, Thomas, 421, 425, 426, 471, 472
• Cemetery design, 135–36, 137, 149–50; “lawn system,” 137, 150; monuments and, 138; and notable cemeteries, 149–51. See also individual cemeteries
• Central Park (NYC.), 44–47, 322–23, 649; athletics in, 141, 143–44, 647; carriages in, 86–87, 164, 627; circulation system of, 584, 635, 642; condition of, 82–83, 139–41, 166–67, 562; and contract work (day’s work), 699; cost of, 322, 325, 585, 607, 632, 633; cows in, 687; creation of, 636–37; crime in, 76–77, 121, 141–42, 620; damage to, by crowds, 321–22, 324; “damn the landscape,” 623, 624; description of, 583–85; design competition for, 325, 364–65, 650, 651, 717; deterioration of, 139–41; drainage in, 160, 162–63, 622, 647, 695, 717; drives of, 86–87, 167; and eight-hour law, 663–64; and “entente” between Vaux, Parsons, Green & Tilden, 593–94; exotic and floral gardening in, 125, 358–59, 630, 650; FLO and trees for, 625; FLO’s positions at, 4, 124, 125, 127, 626, 642–43, 647; goats in, 142; grading of, 113, 127; Greensward plan of, 48, 325–26, 361, 365, 626, 650, 651, 717; health benefits of, 76, 81, 85; journalistic criticism of, 650–51, 694–95, 717, 719; journalistic reports on, 684; key points in design of, 44, 48; labor force in, 82, 678, 687–88, 689–90, 716–17; landscape gardening office, 125; malaria and, 160–61, 162, 163, 622, 717; Menagerie, 80, 358, 361; and office of landscape gardening, 128; and organization of gardeners force, 691–94, 716; parade ground in, 213, 221, 286–87, 288, 323, 417; pastoral landscape in, [743] 586; patronage issues, 541–44; place names in, 304–5; plan of, 45; planting of, 686; promenade in, 164–67; prostitutes and tramps in, 620–21; public appreciation of, 611; purpose of, 76, 143–44, 607–8; role of CV in design of, 324–36, 384, 433–36; running course in, 647; sanitary conditions in, 160–61, 162, 695; skating in, 75, 82–83; stables in, 663; taxes and bonds for, 77–78, 81; transverse roads in, 635, 650, 651; tree cutting in (by FLO), 621; trees, record of (proposed), 175; urinals in, 665–66; vandalism in, 620, 683; visitors to, 320–21, 714; water features of, 160, 162–63; Zoological and Botanic garden for, 359–60. See also New York (City) Board of Commissioners of the Central Park; New York (City) Board of Commissioners of the Department of Public Parks; New York (City) Board of Estimate and Apportionment; New York (City) patronage pressures on
  • —architectural structures in, 127, 134, 712; arches, 136, 608, 642, 650; arches, William Robinson on, 138; Arsenal, 361; Belvedere, 44, 49; camera obscura, 687; fountain for, 49–50; restaurant at Mount St. Vincent, 717; urinals, 665–66, 709
  • —areas in: Ball Ground, 141, 143; Dairy, 687, 716; The Green (Sheep Meadow), 140–41, 287; Mall, 44–46; North Meadows, 143; North Park, 166; The Ramble, 133; South Park, 139–40, 143, 166; Vista Rock, 44, 49
  • —Keepers force, 75, 76, 126, 620, 663, 672–73, 681–83, 712, 713, 714; discipline of, 118, 119–20, 618, 673–74, 675; enlargement of, 76, 77, 120, 142; expense for, 75; FLO relieved from superintending duties of, 81, 118–19, 122, 127, 129, 619, 646; FLO’s plan for organization of, 143, 618–19, 645–46, 678–79, 682–83, 690, 694, 714; FLO superintends, 617–18, 645; and guarding of turf, 139–43, 144; and Halleck statue celebration, 319, 321–22; and journalistic criticism of organization of, 645–46; “practical” management of, 619–21; surgeon’s survey of, 617–18, 682. See also Henry Koster
  • —landscape, treatment of: hardy native and exotic specimens in, 134; plantations, 124–25, 128–29, 175, 178, 374, 686; planting to obscure bridges and roads, 133, 635; “smugness” of, 679–80; trees in, 47, 175–78; tree thinning, 47, 49, 79, 81–82, 124–26, 128–29, 133, 134
  • —maintenance of, 127; cleaning out of plants, 621; construction suspended on, 80–1; expenditures, 74–75, 77–78, 81, 139, 144; expense estimates 1873–1875, 74–75, 81; FLO’s report on funds for, 680–81, 682, 714, 715; FLO’s system for gardeners, restoration of, 691–92, 693; irrigation in, 143
  • —management of, 6, 124–26, 583–86, 587, 593–94, 621–22, 630, 631–32, 637–40; district gardener system of, 716, 717; “practical” management of, 622, 626–27, 631, 632; undesirable management practices in, 620–23, 626–28, 636, 637, 640, 643–44, 647, 648, 650–51, 678–80, 683–84, 686–87, 691–93, 716–17
  • —statuary in, 648, 683; colossal statues in, 46–48, 50; Daniel Webster statue, 43–50; Fitz-Greene Halleck statue, 49, 318–23, 324; Robert Burns statue, 49; Shakespeare statue, 46, 49; Sir Walter Scott statue, 49
  • —turf, 139–43, 161, 687, 697; destruction of, 139–43, 683, 687, 715; regulations concerning, 163, 719; repair of, 140, 142; use of, 139–43, 161, 163
• Chandler, Zachariah, 277, 279, 281
• Chautauqua Institution. See Fair Point
• Camp Child, Francis J., 416
• Church, Frederic Edwin, 48, 128, 377, 472; concerning statues in Central Park, 48–49; and the Niagara Reservation, 471, 472, 474, 479
• Cicero (Roman orator), 287
• Cities, development of, 437–38, 566
• Civil-Service Reform Association, 540, 548
• Clancy, John, 548
• Clark, Edward (1822–1902), 43, 67, 68, 69–71, 72, 98, 99, 106, 107, 327, 370–71, 392, 393, 432, 501, 509, 514, 560, 575, 582
• Cleveland, Henry Russell, 525
• [744]
• Cleveland, Horace William Shaler (1814–1900), 34–35, 36, 154–55, 156, 524–25, 632; Landscape Architecture, as Applied to the Wants of the West. . ., Olmsted on, 34–35
• Cleveland, Sarah Paine Perkins, 524
• Cobb, Frederick H., 337, 370–71, 432, 501, 509, 512–14, 561, 576, 582, 583
• Cogan, William, 501, 513–14, 576
• Columbia College (NYC.), 245
• Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass., 12–13, 521, 569; drives and walks in, 455, 460–61; extension of, 461, 463; plantings of, 515–16, 602; preparation of soil for plantings, 516; tree planting along, 515–16, 517
• Commonwealth Avenue Bridge, Boston, Mass., 449
• Coney Island, NY: comparison to Rockaway Point, 397–407, 417–18; hotels at, 415, 416; water supply and, 400, 415
• Conklin, William A., 80, 682, 683
• Conservation of forests, 174–75
• Cook, Clarence, 436
• Copeland, Robert Morris, 650
• Copperheads, 277
• Corcoran, Phillip, 712, 714
• Cornell, Alonzo B., 9, 473, 533, 535, 564
• Cornell, Paul, 527
• Cornell, Thomas C., 263
• Crafts, Nathaniel Henry, 483
• Crawford Notch, N.H., 158, 159
• Croes, J. James R. (1834–1906), 1, 248–49, 250–51, 264, 282, 313, 348, 349, 374, 379, 381, 385, 386; plans by Croes and FLO, 261, 309, 341
• Culyer, John Yapp, 650, 712–13
• Curtis, George W, 6, 525, 547, 708
• Curtis, Joseph H., 10, 650
• Dalton, Charles Henry (1826–1908), 197, 365, 489; FLO relations with, 10, 192–93
• Daly, James, 705, 717
• Darwin, Charles, 426, 497–98
• Darwin, Sara (Sedgwick), 426, 481
• Davis, Joseph Phineas, 1, 449, 483
• Dawson, John F., 648
• Dawson, Sir John William, 336
• Day, Walter De F., 706
• DeGrauw, Aaron A., Jr., 417
• Demcker, Robert, 81, 82, 127, 128, 361, 716
• Democratic Party, and Election of 1876, 278
• Detroit, Mich., Belle Isle, plan for, 572–73
• Dickens, Charles, 386, 387, 651
• Dillon, Robert]., 361, 377, 651
• Dix, John Adams, 706
• Dobbs Ferry, NY, 428, 431
• Doherty, Charles W, 333
• Donn, John W, 415
• Dorsheimer, William Edward (1832–1888), 7, 9, 186, 188, 189, 201, 205, 278, 281, 286, 295, 296, 303; and Niagara Reservation, 471–72, 479, 533
• Downing, Andrew Jackson (1815–1852), 41, 42–43, 54, 156, 324–25, 327, 433, 434, 554, 588, 649; Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening . . ., 394, 395, 588, 620
• Dudley, Henry, 302
• Earth closets, 179, 182
• East River Bridge (Brooklyn, NY), 653
• East River Park (Carl Schurz Park), NY, 4
• Eaton, Dorman Bridgman, 54, 71, 73, 720
• Eaton, James W, 281, 423
• Edinburgh, Scotland, “New Town,” 255, 265
• Eidlitz, Leopold (1823–1908), 112, 115, 289, 297, 304, 327, 387; and criticism of construction of Riverside Avenue, 385; and the New Capitol (NY), 8, 183, 184, 186, 199, 200, 205, 278, 283, 297, 317
• Eidlitz, Richardson & Co. (Architects), 7, 278, 280, 284, 299, 302, 704
• Eliot, Ellsworth (Dr.), 329–30
• Eliot, Ellsworth, Jr., 329–30
• Ellicott, Joseph, 103
• Elliott, Charles W, 649
• Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 421, 472, 611, 644
• Errington, Harriet, 335, 337
• Europe: city plans in, 244, 245; decorative gardening in, 630; palaces of, 38, 42, 184, 185, 187
• Evarts, William Maxwell, 305
• Everglade, use of term, 428
• Expositions, 410, 417, 444
• Fair Point Camp (Chautauqua Institution) (Chautauqua Lake, NY), 151–55; Palestine Park at, 151, 155
• Far Rockaway, N.Y., 416
• Fay, Joseph Story, 550, 554
• [745]
• Field, Alfred T, 264, 333, 334, 335, 593, 594
• Field, Charlotte Errington, 337, 594
• Field, Rosa, 593, 594
• Fields, Thomas C., 168, 548, 680, 714
• Fischer, William L. (1819–1899), 4, 82, 133–34, 305, 374, 379–80, 385, 593–94, 647, 650, 686, 716; attempted replacement by Parsons, 593–94, 642, 643; removal of by DPP, 374, 379–80, 381, 385, 643; and study of trees, 175, 176
• Flagg, Thomas Wilson, 35, 512; Woods and By-ways of New England, Olmsted on, 34–35
• Florence (Italy), Ponte Santa Trinita at, 449
• Folsom, Charles Follen, 457, 463
• Forbes, John Murray, 554
• Forests, conservation of, 174–75
• Franconia Notch, N.H., “Profile” in, 159
• Franklin, Thomas, 385, 386
• Fuller, Thomas (1822–1898), 186, 188, 278, 284, 286, 292–94, 295–96, 298–99, 303; Advisory Board’s opinion of, 293, 294, 297–99; descriptions of the design of the New Capitol by, 184, 188, 189, 199–200, 205, 284–85; dismissal of, 200, 201, 205, 206, 299, 302; as head of Albany Society of Architects, 294; remonstrance of, 204, 205, 281, 302–3
• The Garden (journal), 223, 227, 326
• Gardening: decorative, 18–19, 630, 633–34; decorative, Andre on, 633–34; parterre and specimen, 351
• Gardens, botanical and zoological, 334, 336–37
• Gardner (Gardiner), James Terry (1842–1912), 8–9, 421, 423, 445, 479, 503
• Garfield, James, 547, 638, 651–52
• Garrett, Robert, 273, 276, 368
• Geddes, George, 424, 426, 649
• Gelray, Joseph Wiley, 663, 708
• Gibbs, Oliver Wolcott, 434
• Gilman, Arthur D., 303
• Gilman, Daniel Coit, 52
• Gilman, Emily Perkins, 338
• Gilman, Katherine Beecher Perkins, 338
• Gilman, William Charles, 338
• Gilpin, William, 588, 589, 649
• Godkin, Edwin L., 279, 384, 435–36, 472
• Golden Gate Park (San Francisco, Calif.), 51, 117
• Grace, William R., 651–52
• Grace Church (NYC.), 245
• Grant, Ulysses S., 278
• Grant, William H., 250, 263–64, 650
• Gray, Asa, 334, 336, 394, 477, 480
• Green, Andrew Haswell (1820–1903), 3, 4–5, 9, 80, 84, 161, 223, 280, 287, 361, 435, 548, 641, 710–11; and DPP patronage, 658–59, 661, 670–71, 673, 676–77, 680, 681, 686, 692, 695–97, 700, 706, 707, 714, 716, 720; opposition to Riverside Park work, 114; and planting in CP, 686; and relations with William Martin, 700, 706–7, 713, 719–20; and reorganization of the DPP commission, 695–97, 718–19; and Riverside Park and Avenue, 114; and support of Vaux, 593–94
• Greene, George S., 250, 264
• Green-Wood Cemetery (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 137
• Grundel, Hermann, II, 365
• Guiteau, Charles]., 539, 547–48
• Hall, Samuel, 708, 709
• Hall, William Hammond, 51, 117; University of California (Berkeley), 50, 51
• Halleck, Fitz-Greene, statue of in CP, 49, 318–23, 324
• Hamilton, W. T, 592
• Harney, George E., 470, 535, 537–38
• Harper & Brothers publishers, 394
• Harris, Elisha, 393
• Harris, Hamilton, 190, 285–86, 302
• Harrison, Jonathan Baxter, 564
• Hartford, Connecticut, 16–17, 129–31
• Harvard College, Arnold Arboretum and, 484–85, 488–89
• Haskell, J. H., 507
• Hastings, Hugh J., 671, 711
• Haussmann, Georges Eugene, 249, 256, 265
• Havemeyer, William F., 115, 705, 706, 707, 710
• Hawkins, Dexter Arnoll, 657, 706
• Hawkins, Rush C., 720
• Hayes, Rutherford B., 279, 305; visit to Central Park, 318, 320–21, 323–24
• Hepp, August, 643
• Hewitt, Abram S., 281, 712
• Hill, Rowland, 504
• Hill, Thomas, 159; on exotics, 159
• Hoffman, John T, 287
• [746]
• Holley, George W., Niagara: Its History and Geology . . ., 424
• Holly Manufacturing Company, Lockport, N.Y., 182
• Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 421
• Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton, 334, 336, 477, 480
• Horticulture, branches of, 350
• Hosack, Dr. David, 590
• Hoskins, George G., 302
• Hotels (resorts), 402–7, 416; Coney Island hotels, 415, 416, 417; Far Rockaway, N.Y., 376; Saratoga Springs, N.Y., 55–58
• Houghton, Lord. See Milnes, Richard Monckton
• Howe, Timothy O., 107
• Hugo, Victor, 626
• Hunnewell, Horatio Hollis, 550, 554, 589, 590
• Hunt, Richard Morris, 186, 204, 205–6, 284, 285, 302, 443–44
• Husted, James w., 206, 286, 419
• Ingalls, Rufus (Colonel), 146
• Institute of Architects. See American Institute of Architects
• International Workingmen’s Association, 72
• Jeffersonville Depot, Indiana, 59–63; planting map, 60
• Jennings, Louis J., 162
• Jones, Aneurin, 6, 587, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 647, 648, 650
• Jones, Chilion, 186
• Jones, George, 162
• Jowett, Benjamin, 472–73
• Kane, Sir Robert John, Elements of Chemistry . . ., 445, 446
• Kearny, John Watts, 20
• Kelly, John, 5, 385, 387, 593, 648, 661, 676, 707
• Kent, William, 228
• Kerr, Robert, 560
• Kessler, George, 589; advice from FLO, 588–89
• Kimball, Francis H., 132, 502
• King, Clarence, 421, 563, 565
• Knapp, Frederick, 159
• Koster, Henry (Captain, Central Park Keepers), 80, 119, 127, 663, 673, 681, 712; criticizes FLO’s management policies, 117–18, 120, 121; suspension of, 121, 122, 708, 710, 713, 714
• La Farge, John (1835–1910), 201, 303, 447; and aesthetic sensibility, 446
• Lanahan, Thomas M., 273, 367–68, 369, 376
• Landscape, charm of, 355
• Landscape, poetic beauty of, 355 Landscape and music, 355 Landscape Architecture
  • —characteristics of, 223–24, 227, 351; as an art, 524, 562, 627–28, 629; design principles governing, 584–86, 640; and the Imagination, 355; origin of the term, 228; profession of, 380, 628; scale of, 43. See also Landscape Gardening
  • —practice of: architectural elements in, 68, 223–24, 559–60; cemetery design, 135–36, 137, 150; “clerk of the works” and, 131; definition of, 350–52; and earth closets, 179, 182; “exotics” in, 158, 159; fences in, 555; floral bedding-out, 136, 137–38; flower gardens in, 506, 507; formal gardens and, 583; grading in, 39–40, 43; grounds, preparation of, 147–48; irrigation and, 143; McAdam road construction in, 235, 237; ornament in, 34, 559–60; parks, character and purpose of, 43–44, 48; process of creating plans, 572–73; promenades, 164–66; residential design, 18–19, 34–35, 350–57; role of architects in, 223–27, 228, 325–26; in semiarid regions, 50–51, 52, 115–16, 117; and setting for residences, 555; social value and the idea of civilization, 34–35, 195; statuary and, 43–48, 267, 317–18; in tidal marsh lands, 387–88; trees, planting and transplanting of, 67, 147; trees, thinning of, 42–43, 128; trends in, 630, 650; turf, treatment of, 61–62, 140–41; water features and, 182; winter gardens, 582. See also Cemetery design
• Landscape design styles: forest scenery and, 549–50; natural scenery and, 355–56, 395, 511–12, 528, 549, 563, 630, 631, 638; pastoral scenery, 137, 528–30, 586, 630; picturesque scenery, 228, 389, 394, 395, 492, 621–22; wild sylvan scenery, 511
• [747]
• Landscape gardening, 350–57, 584–86; as an art, 585, 610–11; fences in, 352; gateways in, 352; and landscape painting, 356; mowing of turf, 352; and nature, 355–56; origin of, 226–27, 228; ornaments in, 352; paths in, 352; plants in, 352; and poetic beauty, 355–56; in small areas, 351; treatment of grounds of modest homes, 350–57; turf, near trees, 352
• Lane, Smith E., 385, 648
• Latrobe, Benjamin H., 42
• Lauder, Sir Thomas Dick, 394, 395
• Laver, Augustus, 303
• Lee, Francis L., 650
• Lee, James Grafton Carleton, 62–63
• L’Enfant, Pierre Charles, 41–42
• Lesage, Louis, 206, 210
• Lienau, Detlef, 286, 302
• Littré, Maximilien Paul Emile, 446
• London, England, 249–50, 255, 263; Courts of Law buildings in, 296, 303; museums in, 334, 336; Westminster Abbey in, 184
• Long, Samuel P. Art: Its Laws . . ., 445–46
• Long Branch, N.J., 155, 402, 403, 416
• Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 421, 472, 611, 644
• Longfellow, William Pitt Preble, 190, 327, 483
• Loudon, John Claudius, 128, 224, 336–37, 588, 589
• Low, James, 504
• Lowell, James Russell, 351, 358, 484, 611, 644
• Loyal Publication Society, 197
• Maclean, Charles, 648
• MacQuisten, Patrick, 90, 91
• Maher, James, 42
• Manning, John w., 144, 645
• Martin, Charles Cyril, 705
• Martin, Howard A., 706
• Martin, William Runyon (1825–1897), 5, 21, 114, 128, 143, 220, 222–23, 323, 377, 640, 648, 653–54, 666, 671, 677, 680–81, 697–98, 706–7, 710, 711; pressure on, for hiring laborers, 700–701; relations with Andrew H. Green, 678, 700, 706–7, 713, 719–20; relations with Henry G. Stebbins, 4, 677; and Riverside Park, 699; and Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards, 264, 265, 312–13, 349–50
• Mayne, Sir Richard, 619, 646
• McCarthy, William H., 714
• McCloskey, John, Cardinal, 472
• McDowell, Irvin, 277, 280
• McGibbon, William, 90, 91, 204
• McKim, Mead & White (Architects), 556
• McLean Asylum (Belmont, Mass.), 10, 197
• McMillan, William, 174, 230, 232–33
• Meigs, Montgomery C., 42, 62–63, 107
• Merry-Mount park (Quincy, Mass.), FLO on, 566
• Metropolitan Board of Works (London), 249
• Metropolitan Museum of Art, (NYC.), 49, 359, 361–62, 443
• Mexicanization, 278, 280
• Mexico, 280
• Michler, Natllaniel, 41, 54
• Middlesex Fells, Massachusetts, 510–12; name for, 510, 512
• Milan, Duomo in, 184, 187
• Military installations, treatment of grounds of. See Jeffersonville Depot, Indiana; Schuylkill Arsenal, Philadelphia
• Miller, J. H. (Rev.), 155, 182
• Milnes, Richard Monckton (Lord Houghton), 421, 471, 472
• Mollard, Joseph, 653
• Montauk Association, 556
• Montauk Point, Long Island, 555, 556; summer community at, 555–56
• Montreal (Quebec, Canada), benefit of a park to, 86
• Morningside Park (N.Y.C.), 4, 114, 127, 361, 386, 699
• Morrill, Justin Smith (1810–1898), 14, 15, 40, 43, 53, 54, 67, 71, 72, 98, 106, 107; relationship with FLO, 33, 40; and Summer House on Capitol grounds, 509; U.S. Capitol watchmen and, 370–71
• Morrill, Ruth Barrell Swan, 73
• Morris, Gouverneur, 344, 349
• Morrisey, John, 277, 280
• Morrison, Eugene C., 711
• Morrison, R. J., 707
• Mould, Jacob Wrey, 50, 222, 327, 641, 650
• Mountain View Cemetery (Oakland, Cal.), 151
• Mount Auburn Cemetery (Cambridge, Mass.), 137
• [748]
• Mount Royal (Montreal, Quebec, Canada), park on: accessibility of, 85–87, 89; carriages and, 86–87; design map, 88; FLO’s design work at, 13; FLO’s two lectures about, 328, 333, 335–36; FLO visits, 334; H. B. Smith property and, 91, 206, 208; and Hotel-Dieu Hospital, 87, 91, 313; J. Tompkins property and, 91, 209–10; laborers wages and, 703; landscape features of, 313–14; McTavish monument, 86, 90; park commission of, 91, 237; pastoral scenery in, 89, 91, 206, 209–10; plan for, 207, 209; planting of, 314; promenade drives for, 208, 209; proposed monument on, 317–18; proposed rules for, 328; refectory for, 191–92; relation of, to Saint Jean Baptiste, 313–14; scenery of, 89; and Sir Hugh Allan’s estate, 87, 91; as site for small-pox hospital, 313–14, 315; site of, 84–85, 89–90, 333, 336; small-pox hospital in, 313–14; trees in, sanitary value of, 263, 265; use of, by invalids, 85, 86; Victoria Square and, 87, 91; views from, 206, 208; visitors to, 235, 237; waterworks for, 206
  • —areas in: “Crown of the Mountain,” 210; McTavish Reservoir, 91; reservoir in, 206, 208, 235, 237; Upperfell section, 191–92
  • —circulation system of, 86; approach road to top of the mountain, 85, 86–87, 90, 156–58, 201–3, 208, 235–36, 237, 314; sub-routes of approach, 89
  • —entrances: Cote des Neiges Road, 89, 91, 208; foot approaches, 89; inclined lift, 89; sub-routes of approach, 89
  • —exterior streets, 87, 89; Bleury Street, 90, 157, 208, 210, 315; McTavish Street, 87, 90, 157–58; Peel Street, 87, 90, 157–58; pleasure drives and, 86, 156, 235; Sherbrooke Street, 91
• Mowatt, Sir Oliver, 424, 425, 426
• Muddy River (Boston and Brookline, Mass.), 458, 569; diversion of, 454, 456, 462; improvement of, 517–20, 571; plans for improvement of, 519, 570
• Munckwitz, Julius F., 49, 77, 81, 162, 222, 324, 327, 641, 713
• Museum of Natural History (NYC.), 361
• Muskau, Silesia, 588
• Nation (journal), 277, 278–79, 280, 281
• National Academy of Design (NYC.), 652
• National Board of Health, 576
• Nelson, Horatio Admiral, 157, 192, 237, 314–15
• New Orleans, yellow fever in, 444
• New York (City): arboretum for, 359; Battery Park in, 82, 671; Board of Commissioners of the Central Park [see Board of Commissioners of the Central Park (NYC.) (1857–1870)]; Board of Commissioners of the Department of Public Parks [see Board of Commissioners of the Department of Public Parks (NYC.) (1870-)]; Bowling Green, 216, 222; City Hall Park, 80, 82, 684; Claremont Park, 349; commercial position of, 438–39; Dock Commission, 685–86, 716; draft riots in, 277, 279–80; early development of, 442–43; and eight hour work day in, 705; FLO on future of, 436–44; growth of, 248, 255–56; housing in, 245, 250, 439–42, 444; malaria and, 253, 263, 265; Manhattan Square, 361; as a metropolis, 438–39; Plan of 1811, 243–47, 249, 440, 444; rapid transit in, 343; Riverdale (see Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards); rowhouses in, 439–41, 444; sanitary condition of, 439, 442; street cleaning of, 659; street plan of, 114, 439, 441, 442; suburban residential areas in, 443; Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards [see Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards (NYC.)]; unemployment in, 660–61, 719; Union Square, 101, 634
  • —Board of Aldermen: and investigation of FLO, 683; and patronage, 541–42, 613, 672, 690; residency bill and, 662; and Tompkins Square, 700
  • —Board of Apportionment, FLO as member of, 548; Board of Audit, FLO as member of, 548
  • —Board of Commissioners of the Central Park (1857–1870). See Board of Commissioners of the Central Park (NYC.) (1857–1870)
  • —Board of Commissioners of the Department of Public Parks (1870–). See Board of Commissioners of the [749] Department of Public Parks (N.Y.C.) (1870–)
  • —Board of Estimate and Apportionment, estimates for public parks, 80–81; reduction in park department’s budget, 81, 82, 83–84, 178
  • —Department of Public Works, 115, 156, 653–55, 675; and controversy over control of Riverside Avenue, 656–57, 705; patronage pressures on, 654, 657–58, 664, 670, 671–72, 675–76
  • —Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards. See Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards (N.Y.C.)
• New York (State): city government of, 304, 305; and rapid transit commissions, 312–13
• New York (State) Legislature: and patronage, 704; anti-Tilden Democrats in, 205; Senate Committee on Cities of, on Riverside Avenue construction, 656–57, 707
• New York State New Capitol, 7–8, 190, 290, 704; Advisory Board of, 186, 187, 204, 278, 280, 284, 289, 291–93, 295–97; AIA chapter, Remonstrance concerning, 186–87, 188, 197, 205–6, 286, 300–301, 302, 315–17; Assembly Chamber of, 284–85; attacks on the administration of, 283; Commissioners of, 286; controversy concerning architectural styles of, 184–85, 186, 187, 188–89, 199–201, 204, 283–86, 291, 299–301, 302–3, 317; design competition of, 292, 303; Eidlitz, Richardson & Co. and, 278, 280, 284, 299, 302, 704; FLO on mixture of architectural styles of, 184–85, 278, 316; FLO’s compensation for, 296–97, 302; FLO’s response to remonstrances, 315–16, 317; FLO’s role in design of, 8, 188, 189, 204–5, 278, 280, 283, 284, 288; FLO’s testimony at hearings, 288–302, 304; FLO’s visits to Albany for, 278, 283, 284; Fuller’s design for, 189; Land Office and, 205; patronage and, 283, 285; remonstrance against report of Advisory Board, 184, 186, 187, 188, 197, 204, 205–6, 285–86, 300–301, 302, 315–17; roof of, 204; Senate Finance Committee and, 188. See also Fuller, Thomas
• New York State Survey, 421, 424–25, 704; Commissioners of, 421, 424, 473, 474–79, 497
• New-York Times and attacks on DPP, 160–62
• New York World, 277, 278–79
• Niagara Falls, 416; FLO visits, 419; literary descriptions of, 475–77, 478–79, 480–81; rapids above, 475–77, 476, 478–79, 480, 481; vegetation at, 477–78, 480; visitors to, 474–75, 479–80 Niagara Reservation (N.Y.), 9, 395, 422, 504; and admission, 423; bill to purchase lands for, 503, 504; campaign for, 8–9, 420–21, 424–25, 445, 446, 471–72, 473, 480–81, 503, 533, 535, 563–64; circulars (petitions) concerning, 9, 395, 420–21, 424–25, 445, 471–72, 473, 497–98, 503; and damage to scenery, 474; foreign interest in, 497; funding for, 421; Goat Island in, 423, 477–78; governor’s opposition to, 533; natural scenery of, 422–23, 477–79; “Notes by Mr. Olmsted,” on, 474–79; Olmsted named to commission to choose lands, 504; origin of idea for, 479; and proposed military encampment on, 422–23; “Prospect Park” in, 422; purpose of, 422–23; Tugby building (bazaar) on, 422. See also New York State Survey; Charles Eliot Norton
• Norman, Henry, 535, 563–64, 565
• Norton, Charles Eliot (1827–1908), 185, 187, 188, 189, 334, 632; and the 1876 presidential election, 277; and the New York State New Capitol, 185, 200, 300–301, 304; role in Niagara Reservation campaign, 424–25, 426, 445, 446, 471–72, 563, 564–65
• O’Brien, James, 277, 280
• O’Callaghan, Thomas H., 708
• O’Conor, Charles, 277, 280
• O’Donohue, Joseph John, 681, 683, 685–86, 688, 692, 701–2, 714, 720
• Olmstead, B. S., 227, 228
• Olmsted, Charlotte (Chatty), 337
• Olmsted, Frederick Law (1822–1903): as an “unpractical man,” 640; as “Architect” for New York State New Capitol, 290; and Bureau of Design and [750]Superintendence, 384, 435–36, 643, 713; and charges of official misdemeanors, 624–25; club membership of, 472, 473; cranberry-growing venture, 159; dismissal by DPP, 5, 373, 381–83, 384, 625; furor over, 434–36; early career! training of, 628–30, 631, 649; early instruction in scenery of, 649; on education for architects and landscape gardeners, 224–26, 628–30; education of, 628–29, 649; preparation for landscape gardening, 588–89; on engineers, 450; Greensward plan and, 48, 325–26, 361, 365, 626, 650, 651, 717; journalistic attacks on, 387, 617, 619, 624, 625, 629–30, 648; journalistic criticism of (“as The Great Leech”), 382; lobbying work in Albany, 704; and Loyal Publication Society, 197; nominated for Street Commissioner, 613; and origin of the term “landscape architect,” 228; as partner in Vaux, Withers & Co., 1, 303; partnership with Vaux ends, 1; patronage pressures on, 6, 539–46, 613–15, 617–18, 623, 636, 688–89; and preparation of report to DPP commission, 701; professional practice of, 1874–82, 2–3; as reporter for New-York Times, 160, 162; residences of, 280, 330, 369, 523; salary withheld by DPP, 382, 387; urges reduction of wages on CP, 143, 672, 676, 682, 686; and U.S. Sanitary Commission, 433–34. See also Board of Commissioners of the Central Park (NYC.) (1857–1870); Board of Commissioners of the Department of Public Parks (NYC.); Central Park (NYC); Central Park (NYC .) Keepers Force
  • —health of, 5, 499, 592, 624–25, 641; crisis in 1877, 624–25; eye ailment, 41, 556; and leave of absence from CP, 359, 362, 373, 624–25
  • —architectural features in landscape designs: arbors (pergolas), 55–56, 217–18, 494–95, 525–27, 555; fountains, 100–101, 103, 270, 272, 276, 411, 432, 508, 533; grottoes, 218–19, 270, 508
  • —landscape design projects; Arnold Arboretum (Boston, Mass.), Aspinwall Hill Land Company (Brookline, Mass.), 20; “Bellegrove,” N.J., 20; Belle Isle (Detroit, Mich.), 592; G. Nixon Black estate (Manchester, Mass.), 18; John Bryant estate (Cohasset, Mass.), 20; Buffalo Asylum (State hospital), 174, 327, 424, 479; cemetery design and, 135–36; College of California (Berkeley), 50–51, 52; Charles A. Dana estate (Oyster Bay, NY), 20; W. T. Hamilton estate (Syracuse, NY), 592; Henry B. Heyde estate (Suffolk County, NY), 20; Industrial Home School (Washington, D.C.), 20; Jeffersonville Depot (Indiana), 59–63; McLean Asylum (Belmont, Mass.), 10, 197; Morningside Park (N.Y.C.), 4, 114, 127, 361, 386, 699; Parkside (Buffalo, NY), 17; railroad in White Mountains, N.H., 158, 159; Schuylkill Arsenal (Philadelphia, Pa.), 1, 20, 144–46; South Park (Chicago, Ill.), 525–27; Thomas Circle (Washington, D.C.), 20; Thomas Crane Public Library (Quincy, Mass.), 566; University of California (Berkeley), 52; Barthold Schlesinger estate (Brookline, Mass.), 19, 464–71, 535–37, 538; William Windom residence. See also Arnold Arboretum; Back Bay Fens; Baltimore, Md., Washington Monument, squares for; Buffalo, N.Y., Delaware Park (The Park); Central Park (N.Y.C.); Commonwealth Avenue (Boston, Mass.); Delaware Park (The Park) (Buffalo, NY); Mount Royal (Montreal, Quebec, Canada); Muddy River Improvement (Boston and Brookline, Mass.); New York State (New) Capitol; Niagara Reservation (NY); Point Chautauqua community (Lake Chautauqua, NY); Riverside Park and Avenue (N.Y.C.); Rockaway Point, NY; Tompkins Square (NYC.); Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards (NYC.); U.S. Capitol grounds; University of California; West Roxbury Park (Franklin Park) (Boston, Mass.)
  • —landscape design theory; on design competitions, 296, 297–98, 303, 363–65; on mixture of architectural styles, 316; on prevention of malaria, 263, 265, 575; on pursuit of single leading purpose, 510–11; on residential community design, 555–56; and scale, 46; in semiarid [751] regions, 50–51, 52; on urban streams, 520
  • —political views and activities: Civil Service reform, 638–40; political activities of, 160; on Presidential election of 1876, 276, 279
  • —relations of, with: Edouard Andre, 327, 393–95, 650; Henry Attrill, 397, 418–19; Henry W. Bellows, 433–35; Boston Park commissioners, 192–93; Central Park commissioners, 640; Edward Clark, 69–70, 106, 370–71, 392, 512–13; clients, 469, 471; Charles H. Dalton, 10, 192–93, 197, 365, 489; DPP commissioners, 606–7, 624–25, 643, 646; Leopold Eidlitz, 184, 200, 204–5, 280, 289; Thomas C. Fields, 714; Thomas Fuller, 200, 284, 293, 298; Howard A. Martin, 706; William R. Martin, 5, 21, 677, 697; Justin S. Morrill, 33, 40, 54, 72; Charles Eliot Norton, 185, 188, 284, 300–301; Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., 138–39, 237–42; John C. Olmsted, 1, 332, 333–35; Mary Perkins Olmsted, 5, 330–32, 535; Owen Olmsted, 565; Prospect Park commissioners, 67, 161, 704; Henry Hobson Richardson, 9–10, 184, 200, 204–5, 280, 289; Benjamin Smith, 417–18; Henry G. Stebbins, 5, 680–81; Calvert Vaux, 1, 324–27, 382, 384, 433–36, 626–27, 629; Egbert Viele, 640; Thomas Wisedell, 498–501, 502
  • —social values and the idea of civilization: art education, 445–46; national character, 547; residential suburbs, 254–58, 265; rowhouses, 17, 18, 439–41, 444
  • —travels of, 479, 480, 548, 592, 628–29, 649, 650; 1856 and 1859 trips to Europe, 42, 265, 417, 548; 1850 tour, 42, 264–65, 594; 1878 trip to Europe, 335, 362, 365, 367, 373, 384, 417, 625
  • —writings, 619, 629, 646, 649; “A Consideration of the Justifying Value of a Public Park,” 524; “A Healthy Change in the Tone of the Human Heart,” 566; “Country Living,” 34–35; “Influence,” 523–24, 539–47, 547; “Landscape Gardening,” American Encyclopedia, 137; “Landscape Gardening,” Johnson’s New Universal Cyclopaedia, 350–57; Mount Royal, Montreal, 13, 336, 563, 644; “Notes by Mr. Olmsted,” in Special Report of the New York State Survey, 474–79; “Patronage Journal,” 6, 644, 645, 653–704, 705; Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns, 10; “The National Capitol. Mr. Fred. Law Olmsted on the Improvements in Progress” (New-York Daily Tribune), 93–97; The Spoils of the Park, 6, 372, 586–87, 592, 605–40; Walks and Talks of an American Farmer in England, 631
• Olmsted, Frederick Law, Jr. (1870–1957) (Henry Perkins Olmsted) (son), 139, 242, 281, 335, 337; and pet dog Quiz, 138–39; relations with FLO, 138–39, 237–42
• Olmsted, Henry Perkins. See Olmsted, Frederick Law, Jr.
• Olmsted, John Charles (1852–1920) (nephew, stepson), 329, 331, 471, 501, 507, 562–63, 564; relations with FLO, 1, 332, 333–35
• Olmsted, Marion (1861–1968) (daughter), 332, 335, 337
• Olmsted, Mary Perkins (Mrs. Frederick Law) (1830–1921) (sister-in-law, wife), 5, 335, 436; relations with, 330–32, 335
• Olmsted, Owen (1857–1881) (stepson), 281, 329–31 , 384, 435–36, 562–63, 564, 565
• Olmsted, Vaux & Company, 1, 3, 116, 155, 416, 423, 444
• Ontario, Canada, 420–21; Council of, 421, 424–25
• Paris, France, 249, 256, 263, 265; Avenue de L’Imperatrice in, 199; Exposition Universelle, 417
• Park Defence Association (NYC.), 611
• Parkman, Francis, 446
• Parks and Public spaces: approaches to, 195; attractions of, 221; carriages in, 86; chief elements of, 84–85; choice of place names in, 304–5; early designs of, 221; impact of neglect in, 631–32; management of, 236, 237, 304, 585–86, 587, 626–27, 637–40; park commissions for, 13; process of planning of, 572–73; promenades in, 164–67; purpose of, 44, 76, 322–23; regulations for use of, 322–23; sites for, 84, 567–68; and use by [752]invalids, 85, 216; value of, 236, 322–23. See also names of individual parks and public spaces
  • —in the British Isles, 334, 337; Birmingham Botanic Garden, 334; Burnham Beeches (Buckinghamshire), 336; Derby Arboretum, 337; Glasnevin Horticultural Garden (Ireland), 334, 336; Hyde Park (London), 255, 265, 620, 630; Phoenix Park (Dublin), 334, 336; Regent’s Park (London), 195; St. James’s Park (London), 484
  • —in Europe: Parc des Buttes-Chaumont (Paris), 631; Parc Monceau (Paris), 484 Parsons, Samuel, Jr. (1844–1923), 593–94, 641–42, 643
• Parsons, Samuel, Sr. (d. 1907), 594
• Partridge, John A, 71, 72, 148, 576
• Pavia, Certosa di, 184, 187
• Peabody, George, 276
• Peabody, Robert Swain, 496
• Pendleton, George Hunt, 548
• Perry, John L., 58
• Philadelphia, Pa., 145; Centennial Exposition in, 417. See also Schuykill Arsenal (Philadelphia, Pa.)
• Phillips, Anna Tucker, 507
• Phillips, John Charles (1838–1885), 496, 591
  • —estate of, 492–96, 504–6, 506, 549–53, 551, 552, 554, 590–91, 592; FL() visit to property, 496, 549, 553; forest on, 590–91, 592; garden at, 506; lawn area of, 592; pavilion at, 492, 494, 506; plans for, 493, 494, 495, 505; plantings on, 591; terrace of, 492–95, 504, 552, 554; “wild garden” at, 494
• Phipps, Frederick A, 419
• Picton, W. J., 204, 206, 208
• Platt, James Henry, 66
• Poggi, Giuseppe, 250
• Point Chautauqua (community) (Lake Chautauqua, NY), plan for, 18, 156, 179, 180–81, 182
• Poppey, Frederick William, 116, 117
• Porter, Fitz-John, 712
• Post, George B., 8
• Potter, Edward T, 250
• Potter, Howard (1826–1897), 416, 444, 563–64, 565, 593
• Potter, William A, 560
• Price, Uvedale, 394, 559–60, 588; on the Picturesque, 589
• Promenades, planning of, 165
• Prospect Park (Brooklyn, NY), 87, 116, 417, 712–13; Long Meadow, drainage of, 163; Board of Commissioners of Prospect Park, turf usage and, 161, 163
• Providence, R.I., 691
• Public buildings, grounds of, 357; City Hall, Buffalo, NY, 170–71, 174; on Mall, Washington, D.C., 36–40. See also U.S. Capitol Grounds
• Pückler-Muskau, Hermann Ludwig Heinrich von, 589
• Pulsifer, Royal Macintosh, 490
• Purdy, Ambrose H., 720
• Pynchon, Thomas Ruggles, 131–32
• Radford, George Kent, 1, 20, 71, 72, 131, 132, 146, 148, 203, 502
• Railroad Strikes of 1877, 329–30
• Raymond, Henry, 162
• Rayner, Dr. Henry, 594
• Reid, Whitelaw, 92, 99, 288, 384
• Renwick, James, Jr. (1818–1895), 284–85, 444
• Repton, Humphry, 332, 337, 588, 589
• Residential crescent housing: in Europe, 254–55; in NYC, 264
• Residential grounds, 34–35, 350–57
• Residential grounds, and health, 357
• Resorts (England), 255, 264
• Rhode Island (resorts of), 403, 416
• Richardson, Henry Hobson (1838–1886), 11, 289, 296–97, 303–4, 327, 331 , 387, 424, 479, 566; and Boston parks, 365; and Boylston Street Bridge, 449, 450; and New York State New Capitol, 1, 115, 184, 186, 199–200, 201, 204–5, 281, 299, 302, 317; and Niagara Square, Buffalo, 103, 303; relations with FL(), 9–10; and Trinity Church, Boston, 279, 285, 303
• Riverside Park and Avenue (NYC.), 108–9, 112, 361, 383, 648, 690, 699, 702, 707, 719; 1867 act for, 112; Common Council and, 114; DPP adopts plan for, 114; FLO’s plan for, 110–11, 169, 657; grades of, 108, 113; location of, 114; patronage and, 113–14, 658; 1868 plan for, 114; plan to combine park and [753] avenue, 112, 114; pleasure drive in, 109; ravine in, 112, 115
  • —Riverside Avenue (NYC.), 108, 167, 377–84; Aldrich’s removal from supervision of, 375–76, 385, 386; bill for construction of, 656–58, 662; campaign in state legislature, 377; construction of, 375, 385; contractors and, 378–79, 381, 386; DPP granted authority over, 705; 1873 plan for, 109; FLO’s work on, 377; independent engineers investigation of, 375, 380, 381, 385–86; payments to contractors suspended, 375, 385; tunnels of, 376, 385–86
  • —Riverside Park (NYC.), 4, 113–14, 127, 220, 386; promenade in, 114, 168
• Robinson, John, 650
• Robinson, Lucius, 205, 281, 421
• Robinson, William (1838–1935), 137, 227, 332–33, 649; Alpine Flowers for English Gardens, 475–76, 480, 621–22; on Central Park, 138; God’s Acre Beautiful; or the Cemeteries of the Future, 137, 150; Queen Anne’s Flowers, 137–38; The Wild Garden, 133, 134, 496
• Rockaway Point, NY (resort for): comparison with Coney Island, 397–407, 471–18; description of plans for, 397, 402, 407–12, 419; failure of, 419; Far Rockaway and, 402–3, 416; FLO visits, 397, 415, 419; FLO withdraws from project, 419; hotel for, 417–19; issues of drainage and sewerage, 397–400; plans for, 408, 413, 414; preparation of grounds, 398–400; provision for day visitors to, 405–7; as a refuge from “malarial conditions,” 400; unfavorable circumstances of, 397–98
• Rockwell, Alfred Perkins, 449
• Rodgers, John F., 146
• Rogers, William Findlay, 423–24
• Roger Williams Park (Providence, R.I.), 524
• Rollins, Edward Henry, 576
• Ruskin, John, 421, 471, 472
• Ryan, Columbus, 80, 127, 128, 648, 653, 663, 679, 687, 695, 705, 708, 717; resignation of, 710, 713, 717
• San Francisco, Calif., 115, 117, 416, 582; Park commission of, 117; plan by William Hammond Hall, 117; proposed rural cemetery association in, 150
• The Sanitarian (journal), 250
• Saratoga Springs, NY, 406, 416; Congress Park, 59; United States Hotel, 56–57, 58
• Sargent, Charles Sprague (1841–1927), 69, 334, 335, 394, 395, 489, 496, 507, 517, 592
• Sargent, Henry Winthrop, 650
• Satsuma (Japan), 354
• Schlesinger, Barthold S. (1828–1900), 469; estate of, 464–71, 535–37, 537; plan of, 468, 538; terraces for, 536–37, 538–39
• Schlesinger, Mary McBurney, 469, 470
• Schoenborn, August, 16
• Schofield, Robert P., 712
• Schurz, Carl, 4, 305
• Schuylkill Arsenal (Philadelphia, Pa.), improvement of, 1, 20, 144–46
• Scott, Frank Jessup, 156, 632
• Scott, Sir Walter, 49, 559, 561, 610, 644
• Sedgwick, Maria Theodora, 285
• Sessions, Walter L., 155
• Seymour, Horatio, 471, 473
• Shaler, Alexander, 222, 287
• Shaw, Francis George, 662, 708
• Smith, Benjamin E., 415; relations with FLO, 417–18
• Smith, H. B., 90, 91
• Smith, William R., 54, 148
• South Park (Chicago, Ill.), 90, 156, 159, 463, 525–27
• Spring Grove Cemetery (Cincinnati, Ohio), 135, 136, 137
• Staehlen, w., Jr., 369
• Stanley, Edward Henry (Earl of Derby), 498
• Staten Island Improvement Commission, 393
• St. Botolph Club (Boston, Mass.), 473
• Stearns, John Goddard, Jr., 496
• Stebbins, Henry G. (1811–1881), 5, 80, 83, 115, 121, 168, 220, 377, 386, 548, 640, 644, 681; concerning statues in Central Park, 48–49; and patronage, 668–70, 672–73, 711; relations with Andrew H. Green, 680–81; relations with William R. Martin, 4, 677–678; and reorganization of the park board, 666–67, 709, 718–19; and Riverdale plan, 266
• Stephen, Sir James Fitzjames, 422
• Stephens, Benjamin F., 415
• [754]
• Stewart, Thomas Elliott, 114, 121, 128, 667–68, 672, 673–74, 685, 709, 710, 711, 712
• Stoneleigh Abbey (Warwickshire), 334
• Stout, Francis A., 445, 446
• Strauch, Adolph (1822–1883), 135, 136, 137, 138, 149, 150, 632 Street systems:
  • —curvilinear, 345–46; advantages of, 260
  • —rectilinear, 345–46; disadvantages of, 258, 259–60
• Sturgis, John Hubbard, 650
• Sturgis, Russell, 278, 280
• Stuyvesant Park (N.Y.C.), 222
• “Succotash” (railroad engine), 237–42
• Sumner, Charles, 98
• Sweeny, Peter B., 49, 168, 714
• Tammany Hall, 677, 681–82, 694–95, 707; and presidential campaign, 670, 710
• Thornton, William, 42
• Thurber, George, 394, 395, 609
• Tiffany & Co., 431, 432
• Tilden, Samuel, 277–78, 279, 280, 593–94, 710, 716, 718
• Tompkins, Hiram, 58
• Tompkins Square (N.Y.C.), 214; abuse of trees and turf in, 212; arbor in, 210, 217–18, 219, 276; architectural features in, 212, 213, 217–18, 222; cost of, 215, 219–20; early condition of, 211–12; improvements of, 210–11, 212, 221–22; and invalids, 217; mothers’ plea for park, 213; parade ground in, 212–13, 215–16, 221, 287, 417; site of, 211, 220; turf of, 211–12; uses of, 215–16; water features of, 218–19; work stoppage on, 223, 700, 719
• Tracy (Tracey), Daniel, 662, 664, 708
• Trees: monoculture street planting of, 515; planting and transplanting of, 67, 147; sanitary value of, 263, 265, 390, 392, 393, 396, 575
• Trinity Church (Boston, Mass.), 279, 281
• Trinity College (Hartford, Conn.), 16–17, 129–31, 132; positioning of the campus, 131 ; residential lots and, 132
• Troup, George, 233
• Tweed Ring (N.Y.C.), 3–4, 80, 81, 361, 544, 642, 647, 651, 714
• Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards, (N.Y.C.), 17, 242–48, 342, 362, 374, Bronx park in, 362; part of Westchester County annexed to NYC. for, 83; plans by J. J. R. Croes and FLO for, 247–48, 249, 261, 309, 341; Railroad avenue in, 344–45; rapid transit system of, 306–12, 309; as site for arboretum, 360; as site for permanent residential quarter, 17; street arrangement of, 247, 251, 257–62, 340, 342–43, 345–46, 348, 385; surveyors’ monuments in, 665; topography of, 247–48; Village of Morrisania in, 344, 345–47, 349
  • —Central District of, 248, 340–47; business sections of, 340, 342; parks for, 346–47, 348–49; parkways for, 349–50; rapid transit system for, 343–44, 349; rapid transit system for, grade separation in, 306–7, 312; residences of, 342–43; sidewalks of, 342, 348; street system of, 340, 342–43, 345–46, 348, 385
  • —Riverdale, 266; by-roads in, 266; housing in, 253, 258; as a permanent residential suburban quarter, 254–63, 265; pleasure drive in, 256; previous plans for, 251–53, 263–64; roadside planting, 262–63; street system for, 251, 257–62; terrace (crescent) housing in, 264; topography of, 252–53, 255, 260
• University of California (Berkeley, Calif.): comparison of Olmsted and Hall plans for, site of, 50–51, 52; Olmsted declines to submit plans for, 52
• Upjohn, Richard Michell (1828–1903), 204, 250, 302
• Urbino, Ducal Palace in, 185, 187
• U.S. Botanical Garden (Washington, D.C.), 53, 54, 392
• U.S. Capitol grounds, 14–16, 53, 54, 62, 66, 67, 72, 370, 507–8, 557, 575; approaches to, 64, 66, 67, 68, 93, 96, 148; architectural features of, 66, 67–68, 97, 99; circulation system of, 99; Congress approves FLO’s plan, 107; esplanade stonework of, 99; FLO’s description of, 93–97; FLO’s position at, 500–501, 502; FLO visits to Washington for, 54, 69–70, 92, 106, 107, 199, 335, 368, 371, 397, 514; funding for, 40, 67, 72, 108; grading of, 40, 43, 69–70, 12, 94, 96; improvement of, 36–40, 40–43, 54, 64, [755] 96–97, 99; and labor force, wages of, 70–71, 72; malaria and, 576; management of, 38, 53; map of proposed belt of woods, 391; New-York Times account of, 92; plan of, 65, 95; policing of, 369–71, 512–13, 514; protection of, from malaria, 390, 392–93, 575; purpose of design of, 96; role of, in shaping taste of the nation, 92; sidewalks of, 15, 276; site of, 93, 98; subordination to the building, 15, 96–97; terraces of, polychrome pavement for, 15; theft of plants on, 371, 513; tree planting on, to prevent malaria, 575; vandalism to, 370–71 ; watchmen and, 369–70; work begun on, 94. See also U.S. Capitol; terraces
  • —landscape features of; grounds, treatment of, 15, 94, 96, 146–48; trees, before improvement, 93–94; tree thinning and removal on, 67, 98
  • —Summer House on, 16, 222, 431, 432, 507–8, 509, 533, 534; carillon for, 431, 432; misuse of, 513; opposition to, 509; purpose of, 507–8; as “subterranean grotto,” 533
• U.S. Capitol (Washington, D.C.), 39, 97, 104, 105, 578; construction of, 42, 560; East Front extension of, 106, 107; fronts of, 38–39, 43, 64; West Front extension of, 106, 107
  • —terraces of, 39, 39–40, 42, 66, 67–68, 99, 103, 104, 105, 106, 557–59, 578, 581; appropriations for, 583; basement floor plan of, 580; cost of, 107, 561; FLO’s proposals for, 14–15, 16, 106, 107, 509, 557–59, 560, 577–79, 582; plantings on, 579, 583; two-level arrangement of, 577–79; for West Front, 67–68, 106; winter garden in, 577, 583
• U.S. Sanitary Commission, history of, 433–34
• U.S. Senate Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, 40, 43, 62, 576; approves FLO’s terrace plan, 107; revised proposal to, 99, 106–7
• Van Nort, George M., 84, 115, 658, 662, 664, 707–8
• Vaux, C. Bowyer, 436
• Vaux, Calvert (1824–1895), 9, 51, 54, 90, 113, 128, 156, 161, 186, 228, 230, 264, 416, 628; American Museum of Natural History and, 443; assists FLO on designs for Riverside and Morningside parks, 49; attempt to regain position with DPP, 6, 593–94, 641, 643; and Buffalo park system, 103, 186, 230; and Buffalo State Asylum, 174; Central Park and, 49, 81, 161, 163, 166, 361, 433–36, 643, 647, 648; and Chicago South Park, 463, 527–28; collaboration with Frederic Church, 128; and colossal statue proposal for Central Park, 48–49; commissions of, 21; and CP design competition, 364–65, 717; and ”entente” concerning CP, 593–94; and Greensward plan, 49, 325, 626, 650, 651, 717; journalistic criticism of, 629–30; and Metropolitan Museum of Art, 48–49, 443; and Niagara Reservation, 479; and Olmsted’s dismissal from NY Parks Department, 434–35; position with DPP, 641–42; and promenade designs for Central and Riverside parks, 166, 168; and Prospect Park, 423, 449; and relations with A. J. Downing, 649; and relations with the DPP board, 605–6; and Riverside Park and Avenue design, 113–14, 168, 386; and role in partnership with FLO, 1, 324–27, 382, 384, 433–36, 626–27, 629; and statuary, 48–49
• Vaux, Withers & Company, 116, 303, 326, 327, 501
• Viele, Egbert, 640, 694, 717
• Vienna, Austria, 249
• Villa suburbs, in Europe, 255–56
• Wales, Salem (1825–1902), 49, 80, 128, 377, 606, 609, 610, 631–32, 634, 641, 642, 643–45, 646, 658, 673; and criticism of DPP, 612–13, 621, 641; and reorganization of DPP board, 615, 666–67; and resignation from DPP, 644, 709
• Walter, Thomas U. (1804–1887), 42, 106–7, 392, 560
• Ward, J. Q. A., 303–4
• Waring, George E., Jr., 1, 182, 470, 650
• Warner, Andrew Jackson, 174
• Warren, Joseph, 718
• Washington, D.C.: Board of Public Works in, 42; canal district of, 37, 42; Capitol Hill and, 98; House of Delegates, 72; Lafayette Square in, 41; malaria and, 576; Parking Commission, 40, 42, 576; [756]public grounds improvement of, 36–40, 40–43; Reservation 17 in, 392, 393, 396, 576; Reservation 17, street plan for, 396; Smithsonian Institution, grounds of, 649; “Swamppoodle” area in, 41; tobacco plantations in, 98; treatment of buildings on, 36–39, 41. See also U.S. Capitol grounds
  • —Mall in, 38, 41–42; botanical gardens on, 54–66; grounds of governmental institutions on, 53–54; Olmsted’s proposals for, 53
  • —public buildings in, 36–37, 41, 53, 54; need for “federal bond” between, 37–38
• Washington Square (N.Y.C.), 211, 212, 221
• Waterer, Anthony, Sr., 334, 336
• Watson, John H., 497, 554
• Weidenmann, Jacob (1829–1893), 1, 58–59, 146, 150, 182, 266, 594, 632
• Welch, Thomas V., 479
• West Roxbury Park (Franklin Park) (Boston, Mass.), 198, 529, 531, 567–69; and Elm Hill property, 193, 195; land to be de-accessioned, 530; plans for, 529, 531, 570; site of, 193, 195, 528–31
• West Side Association (N.Y.C.), 644, 706–7
• Wetmore, William Courtney, 220, 344, 697, 718
• Whitney, Solon Miron Napoleon, 504
• Whittier, John Greenleaf, 421
• Wickham, William H., 114, 220, 710, 715
• Williamson, David B., 121, 128, 668, 706, 710
• Wilson, James Grant, 323
• Wisedell, Thomas (1846–1884), 68, 71, 72–73, 192, 327, 335, 436, 499, 502; and Buffalo City Hall, 174; and New York State New Capitol, 8; relations with FLO, 498–501, 502; and Schuylkill Arsenal, 145–46; and U.S. Capitol Grounds, 68, 106, 107, 222, 335, 337, 392, 432, 501–2, 509, 582; and Washington Monument squares, Baltimore, 276, 367–68
• Wolf, John, 691–92, 717
• Wood, Daniel P., 657
• Woodlawn Cemetery (N.Y.C.), 348
• Worcester (England), 334, 336
• Wren, Sir Christopher, 184, 186