printable version
GENERAL INDEX
Italic numbers indicate illustrations
academic campus design, 47. See also names of individual colleges and universities
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 127, 153
Addison, Joseph, 1013
Adler, Dankmar, 287, 349, 682, 718
Agnew, Cornelius (1830–1888), 269, 276, 278
Albright, John Joseph (1848–1931), 48, 87, 93–95, 119–22
Alexander, B. J., 224, 227, 395, 871
Alighieri, Dante, 1005
Alphand, Jean-Charles Adolphe (1817–1891), 197, 683
Alvord, John W., 342, 344, 345, 346, 351
American Architect and Building News, 372, 640, 679
American University, Washington, D.C., 47, 599, 602, 833–35, 916, 921
Ames, Frederick Lothrop, 116, 117, 118, 385
Ames, Hobart, 118
Ames, Oakes Angier (1829–1899), 113, 115, 117, 529
An Analytical Inquiry into the Principles of Taste, 1011
André, Édouard François (1840–1911), 4, 68, 76, 474, 476, 478–79, 509, 512, 513, 514, 520, 521, 603, 604, 607, 608, 701, 706, 722, 741, 743, 959; advice on planting Walled Garden at Biltmore, 743; advice on World’s Columbian Exposition, 26, 512, 513, 518; landscape designs of, 478; L’Art des Jardins (1879), 474–76, 477, 1002, 1013
Andrew, John Forrester (1850–1895), 891, 893, 902, 904
Andrews, Jacques & Rantoul, 239, 297, 304, 594, 809
Andrews, Robert Day, 295, 297, 590
Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 198, 199, 650, 652
Arnold Arboretum, 68, 118, 168, 206, 231, 284, 369, 370, 371, 444, 474, 561, 822, 964, 966, 988
The Art and Practice of Landscape Gardening, 557
The Art of Beautifying Suburban Home Grounds, 93, 964, 966
Art Out-Of-Doors: Hints on Good Taste in Gardening, 623, 625, 696–97
[1040]
Astor Library (New York, N.Y.), 199
Atwood, Charles B., 20, 44, 344, 349–50, 414, 575, 599, 617, 663, 683, 781
Bache, Alexander Dallas, 269, 276, 277
Back Bay Fens (Boston, Mass.), 31, 34, 308, 309, 386, 389, 451, 545, 641, 669, 682, 707, 762, 775, 821, 851, 852, 853, 861, 892, 893, 895, 898, 902, 904, 913, 942, 943, 993, 994, 1011; boats in, 34–35, 775, 902, 904; landscape effect for, 54, 309; and Muddy River Sanitary Improvement, 31, 707, 851, 853, 1007–8; name for, 308, 943–44, 993; plan of, 641; purpose of, 309, 382; sanitary condition of, 993; as sanitary improvement, 54, 853, 993, 994; statues in, 895, 898
——bridges: Agassiz Bridge, 80, 383–84, 383, 386; Boylston Street Bridge, 382, 384, 386; Huntington Entrance Bridge, 389
Bacon, Francis, 249, 253, 458, 463, 879
Bacon, Georgeanna Muir Woolsey, 243, 249, 253
Baker, Frank (1841–1918), 279, 284
Barnum, Phineas Taylor (P.T.), 243, 252, 453, 462
Barrett, Nathan F., 130, 423, 447
Barry, William Crawford (1847–1916), 104, 106, 109, 111, 218, 336, 364, 367
Barton, Frederick A., 469, 639, 646–47
Beadle, Chauncey Delos (1867–1950), 12, 13, 14, 76, 137, 138, 154, 222, 307, 317, 318, 320, 599, 727, 733, 790, 792, 795, 796, 798, 841, 851, 859–60, 873–78, 899, 900, 919, 931, 938, 940, 941, 954, 956, 959, 963; and collections for Biltmore Herbarium, 16, 177; concern over planting plan for Biltmore Arboretum, 14, 925, 926, 927, 929, 956, 958; firm’s recommendation for hiring of, 15, 138; head of nursery at Biltmore, 15, 225, 321, 395, 397, 398, 447, 450; and planting the Biltmore Approach Road, 138, 307, 931–36, 963, 964; relations of, with FLO, Jr., 689, 841, 876, 877, 899, 941, 959; work on plant list for Biltmore Arboretum, 925–27
Beecher, Henry Ward, 249, 897–98
Beecher, Thomas K., 252
Beiler, Samuel L. (1847–1917), 788, 833, 835–36
Bellows, Henry W., 198, 199, 270, 276, 278
Beman, Solon S., 287, 349, 682, 718
Bentham, George, 13, 734, 986, 988
Biltmore Estate (Asheville, N.C.), 4–17, 47, 74, 81–82, 598, 601, 741–42; 1896 Guide Map, 10–11; Estate house, 5, 8, 8, 885, 907, 911; forest, 5, 12, 14–15, 139–42, 292, 341, 394, 396, 507, 803; forestry operations, 139–44, 221, 394, 447–48, 580, 581, 742, 801, 803; forestry school, 15, 918, 956, 958; herbarium, 15, 16, 160, 176–77; nursery, 15, 137, 447–49, 450, 734, 793; Olmsted’s advice to GWV, 5, 82; pastoral design of, 12; picturesque design of, 7; planting, 700; public access to, 789, 790; road and gate system, 788, 790; roadside planting, 793–94, 795–96, 881–82, 885, 886, 933–36; scientific collections at, 17, 158–60; significance of, FLO on, 16–17, 82, 177, 450, 701, 706, 729, 789, 796, 798; significance of, for Olmsted firm’s future business, 16–17, 222, 701, 915; size of, 5, 220, 221, 292, 581, 742; visitors to, 915; walks, 792
——Arboretum, 12–14, 448, 553, 556, 693, 704, 726–34, 735, 793, 796, 797, 798, 807, 853, 860, 922, 923, 924–29, 949, 951, 958–61, 985–89; construction of, 801–2; educational importance of, FLO on, 793, 956; forest acres, 731, 987, 988–89; horticultural varieties to be excluded from, 731–32, 898–99, 925–26, 928–29, 987; loop roads in, 13, 928; as museum of living trees, 12, 728, 729, 731, 928; “natural order” of planting of, 13, 730–31, 732, 734, 800, 807, 986, 988; planning of, 13–14, 49, 788, 801, 841–42, 845–46, 899, 923, 924–25, 956, 959, 961; revised plan for, 926, 929; C. S. Sargent as consultant for, 13, 727, 802, 899, 900, 923, 925, 927–28, 929; significance of, FLO on, 15, 16–17, 735
——areas of: Brandon Hill, 16, 725, 924; Home Grounds, 8, 9, 292, 449, 790–91; Lone Pine Hill, 734; Pink Bed Preserve, 841, 842; quarry, 6, 112, 114; Vernon Hill, 16, 924. See also landscape features: Quarry
——buildings (other than Estate house): Biltmore Station, 16, 450, 723, 724,
[1041]
725, 763, 764, 805; brick and tile works, 394, 396, 725–26; Brick House, 221, 224, 226, 227, 393, 395, 801, 802, 868, 871, 885; conservatory, 9, 12; estate office, 16, 763, 763, 764; forester’s house (see Rivercliff Cottage); gardener’s cottage, 858, 884; Johnson house, 860, 862; lodge gate, 725; Rice house, 860, 862; Rivercliff Cottage, 841, 842, 901, 924; stables, 5; Vernon Hill cottages, 16, 226, 228, 922, 924
——farming operations, 15, 220, 221, 394, 803, 880; dairy farm, 394, 396, 916, 918; market garden, 394, 396; truck farm, 396, 801
——landscape features: Deer Park, 9, 12, 304, 307, 790, 841, 842, 859, 862, 885, 887; Esplanade, 8, 8, 9, 394, 396, 788, 790, 885; Four Mile Branch, 693, 734, 860, 862, 868–71, 874–75, 886; —alterations to watercourse, 868–71; Garden Terrace (Italian Garden), 9, 396, 691, 692, 693, 700, 704, 790; —plan of, 691; Glen, 12, 790, 858–59, 861; Home Grounds, 9, 12, 292, 449, 790; Lagoon, 9, 12, 860, 862; Lake (Bass Pond), 12, 307, 790–91, 871, 938; —boat house on, 858, 862; —flume, 938; —islets, 12, 305–6, 306, 307; —lower dam, 938; —planting of, 882, 886; —upper dam, 693, 938; Library Terrace, 9, 790; pergola, 12, 219, 221, 222, 223, 225; pond district, 7, 135; Quarry, 6, 112, 114, 855–58, 856, 861, 885, 916, 917; —cliff face of, 857, 901, 916; —planting of, 6–7, 855–58; Ram Branch, 6–7, 111, 113, 134–35, 137, 138, 219, 220, 321, 449, 450, 869; —alterations to watercourse, 7, 113, 869, 874–75, 880; —balconies on Approach Road, 7, 305, 305, 307; —planting along, 7, 318–21, 318, 395, 793, 795, 796, 934–35; —subtropical luxuriance of, 7, 795, 880, 886, 932–33, 932; Ramp douce, 8, 396; Shrub garden (or Shrubbery or Ramble), 9, 394, 396, 790, 884, 884, 887; Six Mile Branch, 860, 862, 901; South Terrace, 9, 790, 796, 886, 887; —Bowling green, 885, 887; —Tea House, 9, 542, 545, 788, 789, 791, 911; Spring Garden, 9, 394, 790, 858, 861, 882, 883, 887; Vista, 8, 9, 790; Walled Garden, 9, 12, 394, 396, 602–3, 604, 742, 743, 790, 908, 911; —arbor in, 858, 859, 861
——planting, 700; —of Approach Road, 7, 794–95, 931–35, 954, 955, 963; —subtropical luxuriance of, 7, 795, 880, 886, 931–35, 932
——roads, 213–14, 700, 860; —Approach Road, 6–8, 12, 112, 113, 114, 136, 138, 214, 215, 224, 225, 395, 881, 882, 936, 954, 963–64; —Lower Approach Road, 6–7, 113, 134, 135, 136, 214, 215, 317–22, 395, 396, 796, 856, 885, 886, 901, 931–35, 936, 954; —Middle Approach Road, 881; —Upper Approach Road, 7, 793, 796–97, 857, 861, 881, 882; Arboretum Road, 12, 13, 450, 690, 693, 727–28, 732–33, 735, 742, 798–801, 902; —commencement of work on, 733, 735–36; —construction of, 690–92, 801, 860–61; —course of, 693, 734, 862; —as example of excellent earth road, 799; —as means of moving timber from forest, 12, 728, 733, 736, 799, 925, 928; —planning of, 691, 800, 801, 862; —planting of, 810, 886; —as pleasure drive, 12, 731, 733, 736, 798–800, 925, 928, 986; —purposes of, 12, 733, 736, 803; Dingle Road, 860, 862; Ferry Road, 886, 887; Glen Road, 12, 693, 793, 794, 796, 797, 882, 886; Hendersonville Road, 74, 763, 764; Lodge Street, 725, 802; need for suitable gravel for, 796, 937–38, 939–40, 941; Overlook Road, 790; River Road, 797; Service Road, 793, 797, 885, 886; Shiloh Road, 793, 796, 797, 886; Victoria Road, 918
Biltmore Village (Asheville, N.C.), 16, 74, 226, 228, 700, 704, 722, 762–63, 854, 885–86, 914–16, 917–18, 922, 924; All Souls Church, 16, 83, 724, 725, 763, 764, 765; Biltmore Station, 16, 450, 723, 724, 725, 764, 805; estate office, 16, 763, 763, 764, 915; Richard Morris Hunt plan for, 16, 762–63, 914, 915, 916, 917–18; Olmsted’s design for, 16, 700, 704, 723–26, 724, 762–63, 764, 788, 915, 922, 924; Olmsted’s opinion of Hunt’s plan, 16, 762–63, 791, 914; plaza, 724, 725, 763, 764; school in, 724, 725; sewer system for, 789–90, 791; streets in, 723, 724–25;
[1042]tree planting in, 885–86; water supply for, 789–90
Blackstone, William, 166, 168, 248, 458, 463
Blodgett, Frank W., 753
Blomfield, Reginald, 477, 543, 545, 547, 558, 578, 579, 716
Boerhaave, Hermann, 1006, 1014
Bogart, John, 130
Bolton, Edward D. (1849–1916), 3, 4, 44, 49, 119, 704, 788, 789, 790, 791, 817, 951; and sewer system for Biltmore Village, 704, 789–90, 791; as superintendent of construction for Olmsted firm, 3–4, 119, 817, 826–28
Bonaparte, Louis-Napoléon, 812
Bosc, Louis Augustin Guillaume, 1006, 1014
Boston, Mass.: assemblies in parks, 455, 462, 463, 486; boating in parks, 31, 902–4; Charles River Basin, 35, 707, 852, 891–92; —FLO plans for, 892; —proposed dam for, 35, 707, 852–53, 893; Charles River Embankment, 31, 893; Charlestown Heights in, 34, 373, 374; Charlestown playground in, 34; Commonwealth Avenue in, 756, 759, 761, 762, 792, 821, 892, 995; Copp’s Hill Terrace in, 34, 945; Dorchester Park in, 34; Leverett Park in, 820, 821, 822; need for parks in underserved areas of city, 892; park commission of, 31, 32, 33, 154, 156, 759–60, 773, 775, 902, 903, 905, 1009; park site selection, FLO’s role in, 480–81, 485; parks and public spaces in, 30, 211, 235, 598, 641; parkways in, 33, 939, 942, 1016; smaller parks in, 34; South Bay, 648; status of trees in, FLO report on, 31; Wood Island Park in, 34; zoo proposed in Franklin Park in, 298–99, 309. See also Arnold Arboretum; Back Bay Fens; Charlesbank; Charles River bank extension and proposed dam; Franklin Field; Franklin Park; Jamaica Park; Marine Park; Metropolitan Park Commission; Muddy River Sanitary Improvement
Boston Public Garden, 463, 762, 892, 1004
Bottomley, Robert, 579, 581, 744, 792, 796, 876, 880
Boynton, Frank E., 792, 793, 795, 796, 873, 874, 878, 879, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940
Brabazon, Reginald (Twelfth Earl of Meath), 123, 127, 128, 242, 244, 253, 295, 296, 297, 299, 535, 545
Brace, Charles Loring (1826–1890), 245, 250–51, 293, 467–70, 509, 647; death of, 250, 290–91, 293; family’s biography of, 468–69, 688, 690; FLO’s recollections of, 467–70
Brace, Charles Loring, Jr., 250, 293
Brace, Letitia Neill (1822–1916), 250, 467, 468–69, 471, 690, 811
Brace, Louise Warner, 293
Brandywine Park (Wilmington, Del.), 630–38; changes to FLO&Co plan, 639, 641; organization of park commission of, 631, 639; relations with park commission of, 630–38, 641
Bridge, Mr. (FLO’s caretaker), 961, 963
Brookline Land Company, 47
Brookline Park Commission, 708; Cottage Farm in, 892, 893; Muddy River Sanitary Improvement in, 31, 33, 79, 386, 535, 538, 545, 561, 582, 701–4, 702, 703, 707, 708, 1008, 1015; parkways in, 535, 553, 556, 703, 1008
Brooklyn, N.Y., 2, 35, 40, 753, 790, 811, 813, 814; Bay Ridge Parkway in, 40–41, 581, 601, 750, 792, 813, 814; Board of Park Commissioners, 40–41, 103, 128, 129, 332–34, 485, 723, 750, 755, 756–59, 792, 815–16, 828, 910–11, 929, 930, 931; Bushwick Park in, 42; Olmsted and Vaux role in planning park system of, 42, 128, 129, 339, 930; Parade Ground in, 128, 480–81, 485, 487, 489, 538; parks and public spaces in, 123, 127, 128, 129; parkways in, 103, 123, 128, 129, 994–95, 1001; Ridgewood Park in, 42, 788, 826–28, 827; Sunset Park in, 42, 817; Washington Park (Fort Greene Park), 486. See also Prospect Park
Brooks, Linda Hull, 653
Brosses, Charles de, 1001, 1012
Brown, Harold (1863–1900), 812, 823–26
[1043]
Brown, Lancelot “Capability,” 566, 1014
Brownell, William Crary, 183, 192
Bryant, Charlotte Olmsted (1855–1908) (niece, step-daughter), 809
Bryant, Edward, 809
Bryant, John, 809
Bryant, Julia, 522, 807, 809, 810, 811
Bryant, Owen, 809
Bryant, William Cullen, 522, 809, 811
Buffalo, N.Y., parks, 125, 130–31, 598; Cazenovia Park, 36, 596, 601; The Front, 36, 601; Olmsted and Vaux’s 1868 plan for, 35; The Parade, 36–37, 131, 568, 595–96, 601; The Park (Delaware Park), 112, 114, 596; proposed zoo in, 36, 594–95; smaller squares in, 36, 601; South Park (1887), 35–36, 131; South Park (1892), 36, 596, 601, 705
Buffum, William Potter, 337, 339
Bullard, Elizabeth J., 236, 241, 242, 243, 249, 253, 527, 529
Bullard, Lucy Maria, 253
Bullard, Oliver Crosby, 243, 249, 253, 529
Burden, William Fletcher, 601, 708
Burgess, Edward, 301, 303, 312, 433, 441
Burnham, Daniel Hudson (1846–1912), 18, 24, 26–27, 66, 69, 175, 212, 235, 286, 300, 303, 310–11, 344, 397, 432, 441, 445, 504, 515, 532, 554, 571, 572, 576, 605, 611, 616, 652, 656, 663–64, 684, 697, 699, 710, 713, 714, 717, 718; biography of, 65–67; and boating service for World’s Columbian Exposition, 300, 303, 311–12, 411–12, 428, 432, 440, 441, 465, 490, 494; contributions to design and construction of World’s Columbian Exposition, 20, 234, 612, 613, 614, 615, 663, 670, 678; praise for FLO, 26–27, 29, 67, 619; praise for Henry Sargent Codman, 26–27, 69; and preliminary plan for siting buildings for the World’s Columbian Exposition, 20, 670–71, 712; and redesign of Jackson Park after the World’s Columbian Exposition, 705; relations of, with FLO, 65–66; role in preventing misuse of Wooded Island and Lagoon at the World’s Columbian Exposition, 412, 515, 683–84; support for FLO’s design of World’s Columbian Exposition, 66; and visits to proposed sites for the World’s Columbian Exposition, 18, 21, 167, 173. See also World’s Columbian Exposition
Burns, Charles De F. (1839–1911), 855, 862, 865, 880
Burnside, Ambrose E., 267, 276, 557
Busk, Joseph R., 73, 535, 545, 911
Butler, Edward H., 407
Cady, J.C., 601
Cambridge, Mass., park system, 72
Canby, William Marriott (1831–1904), 630, 639, 640, 641
Carrère and Hastings, 785, 786
Carrère, John Merven, 786
Central Park (N.Y.C.), 113, 122, 128, 459, 481, 500, 669, 681; administration of, by FLO, 145–46, 152, 888; arboretum proposed in, 263; basin for model boats proposed in, 42, 313, 316; Board of Commissioners of, 643, 863, 865, 905; boating service in, 902, 904; border plantations in, 42, 501; building for New-York Historical Society proposed in, 73, 263; changes to Greensward plan, proposed, 905, 906, 909–10; changes to park under Tweed Ring, 200–201, 263, 866; construction of, 126–27, 145; cost of, 122, 126–27, 145, 152, 640; East Drive in, 264, 587; first board of commissioners of (1856), 464, 865; FLO’s appointments and resignations at, 633, 640, 647–48, 863–64, 865–67, 946, 948; FLO’s artistic devotion to, 643; FLO’s relationship with engineers at, 862–63; gateways proposed for, 42, 73, 74, 81, 917, 918; grand promenade proposed in, 905, 906, 909; gravel for walks and drives, 937–38; Greensward plan for, 9, 557–58, 849, 909–10; menagerie (zoo) in, 42, 263, 596; as place for rural recreation, 299, 894; removal of buildings prior to construction of, 846, 848–49; sand court proposed in, 313; sculpture in, 830–31, 832, 894, 897; shrubs in, 965–66; significance of, to FLO’s career, 31–32, 71–72, 701; speedway proposed in, 42–43, 257–58, 259–60, 261–62, 264, 299, 495–96, 497, 544, 908; transverse roads in, 694, 695–96,
[1044]
782, 783; —79th Street transverse road, 782, 783; trees, felling of, 889–90, 891, 953; use of term Landscape Architect for designers of, 146, 152–53; George E. Waring’s role in early years, 887; waterfowl in, 913; World’s Columbian Exposition (1892), proposed site for, 907
——areas in: “Children’s District,” 107, 316; children’s playground, proposed, 315, 316; Mall, 9, 554, 557–58, 591, 627, 629; Ramble, 905, 910
——buildings and arches: Arsenal, 887–88; Children’s Cottage, 316; Dairy, 107, 110, 316; Huddlestone Arch, 386; Kinderberg, 106, 107, 110, 313, 315–16; Metropolitan Museum of Art, 259, 263; Mount St. Vincent Convent, 78, 832; Riftstone Arch, 386; Wagstaff House, 887, 888
Central Park Speedway. See Central Park: speedway proposed in; Harlem River Speedway
Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 240, 349, 625, 656, 695
Chambers, Charles Oscar (1866–1930), 229, 230–31
Chapman, John Jay (1862–1933), 411, 495, 496–97
Charlesbank (Boston, Mass.), 90, 344, 760, 762; gymnastic facilities for men and boys, 88, 90, 313, 315, 316; gymnastic facilities for women and girls, 34, 88, 89, 90, 313, 314, 316, 343–44; as model for other parks and recreation areas, 34; as out-of-door kindergarten, 34; and proposed Boston boating service, 34, 902, 904; sand court in, 313
Charles River bank extension and proposed dam, 31, 35, 707, 852–53, 892, 893
Charlestown Heights (Boston, Mass.), 34, 374, 583, 762
Charlestown Playground (Boston, Mass.), 34, 583
Cheney, Anne W., 474, 576, 577, 582
Chicago World’s Fair of 1893. See World’s Columbian Exposition
Church, Frederic E., 866
Cincinnati (Ohio), parks in, 736, 737–38
Circular Addressed to the Branches and Aid Societies Tributary to the U.S. Sanitary Commission, 279
Civil service reform, 686, 689
Clark, Edward, Sr., 158, 229, 251, 445, 446, 514, 640, 835
Clarke, George, 489
Clement, Lewis Metzler, 151, 162, 164
Cleveland, Grover, 617, 688, 690, 720
Cleveland, Horace William Shaler (1814–1900), 1, 4, 129, 294, 298, 329, 500, 502, 623, 649, 650, 681, 701, 706
Cobb, Henry Ives (1859–1931), 48, 287, 349, 494, 682, 718, 723, 784, 786
Codman, Henry Sargent (1864–1893) (partner), 1, 3, 4, 36, 67–70, 203, 205, 206–8, 213, 214, 219, 225, 226, 286, 292, 350, 397, 442, 494, 496, 504, 507, 516, 518, 523, 530, 533, 539, 546, 553, 558, 571, 573, 576, 599, 600, 714; apprenticeship with Édouard André, 68; apprenticeship with FLO, 3, 68, 160, 164, 202, 205, 231, 251, 371; biography of, 67–70; book on shrubs, proposed, 965; death of, 3, 27, 69, 596, 597, 604, 608, 630, 685; education of, 67–68; and estate of Ogden Goelet, 68, 556; FLO’s estimation of, 3, 69, 685; health of, 69, 530, 532, 570, 571; and interviewing of Chauncey Beadle, 15, 138; as Olmsted firm representative for western projects, 36, 39, 99–101, 119, 151, 161–62, 164, 227, 237, 239, 343, 381, 569; as Olmsted firm representative at World’s Columbian Exposition, 26, 27, 211, 303, 304, 310–11, 330, 331, 349, 357, 428, 490, 499, 525, 527, 541, 572, 581, 613, 614, 618; partnership in Olmsted firm, 3, 68, 624; and preliminary plan for World’s Columbian Exposition, 20–21, 65–66, 208, 233–34, 621, 712; and site selection for World’s Columbian Exposition, 18–19, 22, 65, 165, 167, 173–74, 194, 197, 208, 211, 212, 222; study and travel in Europe, 68, 100, 674, 683, 806
Codman, Philip (1867–1896), 444, 520, 528, 533, 534, 543, 545, 556, 596, 599, 693, 753, 754, 823, 825; apprenticeship with FLO, 25, 231, 251, 371, 508, 528, 604, 756; education of, 25, 371, 503,
[1045]
505, 506, 507, 508, 521–22, 523–24, 528, 531, 532, 534, 558; and plan for West Park (Milwaukee), 40, 753; travel in France and England, 25, 26, 76, 371, 503, 505, 506, 507, 517, 520, 522, 528, 532, 539, 543, 603, 604, 880; travel to Japan, 538, 558, 560; visits Chicago with FLO, 43; and World’s Columbian Exposition, 616, 617
Columbia College (N.Y.C.), 47, 612, 618, 623, 626–29, 790, 792
Columbus, Christopher, 25, 302, 304, 493, 494, 619, 832
Commonwealth Avenue (Boston, Mass.), 556, 759, 761, 762, 792, 821, 892, 995
The Condition of Niagara Falls, and the Measures Needed to Preserve Them, 741, 815
Coolidge, David Hill, Jr. (1863–1938), 164, 202, 203, 205, 231, 251, 597, 600
Coolidge, J. Randolph, 558, 962, 964
Copeland, Robert Morris, 295, 298
Cottage Residences, 950, 969–73, 979, 980
Cotton, Joseph Potter, 336, 337, 339
Cotton States and International Exposition (Atlanta, Ga.), 753, 754, 756
Courtney, Robert (1825–1892), 332, 333
Cowan, Andrew, 381, 382, 843, 844, 845
Croes, John James Robertson, 81, 154, 208, 424
Croswell, James Greenleaf, 810, 811
Croswell, Letitia Brace, 810, 811
Croux (Messrs & Son), 602, 603, 604, 742, 743, 744
Curtis, George William (1824–1892), 248, 253, 335, 368, 371, 372, 694, 696, 972, 981
d’Alinges (or d’Allinges), Baron, 15, 220, 221, 394, 396, 803, 871, 877, 880, 916, 918
Dalton, Charles Henry, 308, 310, 891
Dana, Charles Anderson, 261, 372, 694, 696, 905, 910
Dana, Paul (1852–1930), 42, 257, 261, 262, 264, 296, 299, 312, 315–16, 598, 601–2, 814, 866–67
Daniels, Howard, 127
Darwin, Sara Sedgwick, 525, 529
Darwin, William Erasmus, 525, 529
Davis, George R., 193, 303, 304, 415
Davis, John T., 599
Day, Olivia, 252
Denver and Lookout Mountain Resort, Land Improvement and Transit Company (Colo.), 68, 100; challenge of designing for semiarid West, 95–99, 100; lake in, 99, 101; preliminary report for, 95–99
Devens, Charles, Jr., 893–97
Dickens, Charles, 551, 555, 811, 812
Dickens’s Dictionary of the Thames, 551, 555
Dictionnaire de la langue française, 477
Dillon, Robert J., 758, 905, 906, 909, 910
Donnersberger, Joseph (1843–1929), 44, 46, 191, 771, 772, 774, 778, 780, 781, 783
Dorsheimer, William Edward, 535
Douglas, John Hancock (1824–1892), 270, 278
Douglas, Robert, 11, 111, 113, 114, 144
Douglas, Thomas H., 151
Downing, Andrew Jackson (1815–1852), 544, 624, 625, 632, 633, 639, 640, 648, 804, 808, 862, 971, 970–79; Cottage Residences (1842), 950, 969–73, 979, 980; Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1845), 980, 981; The Horticulturist, And Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste, 639, 972, 979, 981; as nurseryman and landscape gardener, 804, 979; Olmsted’s estimation of, 972, 973, 974, 975–76; Rural Essays, 981; Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening (1841), 980, 981
Druid Hills subdivision (Atlanta, Ga.). See Kirkwood Land Company
Edison, Thomas A., 343, 465, 466
Eidlitz, Leopold (1823–1908), 199, 200; and design for the N.Y. State Capitol, 73, 200, 716; and proposed project for Riverside Park, 199–201
[1046]
Eliot, Charles (1859–1897) (partner), 3, 50, 71, 80, 117–18, 157, 203, 609, 611–15, 619, 700, 705, 709, 716, 719, 737, 748, 753, 756, 757, 788, 809, 811, 850, 877, 912, 914, 916, 920, 922, 924, 940, 942, 948, 949, 950–51, 952, 956, 959, 962; apprenticeship with FLO, 70, 158, 202, 205, 231, 251, 689; biography of, 70–72; book on shrubs, proposed, 965; death of, 72; education of, 70, 369, 806, 877; FLO’s estimation of, 72, 685; founding of Trustees of Public Reservations, 71; health of, 598; hiring as partner in Olmsted firm, 599, 685, 689; role with Metropolitan Park Commission (Boston), 35, 71–72, 144, 601, 707, 773, 853
——landscape design projects: Cambridge (Mass.) park system, 72; Charles River Basin, 35, 72, 707, 852–53; Copp’s Hill Terrace, 72, 945; Palmer Park (Log Cabin) residential subdivision (Detroit, Mich.), 72; Revere Beach Reservation, 72; West Roxbury Parkway, 33, 823
Eliot, Mary Yale Pitkin, 752, 754, 902
Elliott, George W. (1848–1891), 87, 107, 109, 110
Ellsworth, James W. (1849–1925), 17, 18, 166–67, 191, 621, 701, 705, 771, 781, 783
Ellwanger and Barry Nursery, 105, 106, 109, 110, 111, 218, 364, 367
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 31–32, 247, 252, 497, 1005, 1014
Emerson, William Ralph, 285
Encyclopedia of Gardening, 999, 1011
England: Black Forest, 522; Boston (Lincolnshire), 943–45; Broadway, 564; Burnham (village), 551, 555; Burnham Beeches, 553, 555, 556; Camden, 564; Chatsworth (estate), 564, 565, 566; Cheshire, 506, 515, 526; Chester, 513, 563, 587, 590, 642; contemporary landscape gardening in, FLO on, 526, 536, 541, 542, 552, 554, 565, 810; Cotswold region, 562, 564; Derbyshire, 564; Devonshire, 506, 522, 525; Dropmore (estate), 553, 556, 810, 812, 841; Dukeries (Nottinghamshire), 563, 564, 810; Eaton Hall, 642; Graveyte Manor, 579, 716; Guernsey, Isle of, 520, 523, 526, 530; Haddon Hall, 564; Harrow on the Hill, 537, 538, 539, 543; Isle of Wight, 526, 529; Malvern Hills, 533, 534; Middle Hill (Cotswold region), 564; New Forest, 525, 526, 528, 827, 1005; Newstead Abbey, 563, 564; Oxford, city of, 507, 537, 539, 685, 689; Richmond Park, 644, 648, 771; Saltaire, 529, 564; Sherwood Forest, 563, 564, 877; Shrewsbury, 505, 506, 521; Stratford-on-Avon, 685; Thoresby Hall (estate), 564, 566; Torquay, 522, 523, 524, 526, 528; Virginia Water (borough of Runnymede), 553, 556; Windsor, 553; Windsor Castle, 553, 556, 648; Windsor Forest, 380, 382, 877, 880; Windsor Park, 551, 553, 555, 644, 648; Yattendon Court (estate), 543
——London: buildings of: —British Museum, 539; —St. Mary-le-Bow, 262; —St. Paul’s Cathedral, 108, 111; Duke of Wellington statue, 831, 832; FLO residence in, 1856, 218, 257, 262, 639, 643–44, 648; FLO residence at Hampstead (1892), 533–34, 535–37, 539–42; FLO, Jr., explorations of, 76, 562–63; Metropolitan Public Gardens Association, 127, 244, 253, 299, 535, 545; Park Committee of the Council of, 123, 127–28; parks of: —Battersea Park, 669, 682, 773;—Bushy Park, 644, 648; —Finsbury Park, 539, 543; —Hyde Park, 458, 539, 543; —Regent’s Park, 458, 539, 543, 696, 773; —Regent’s Park Zoo, 284, 543, 694; —Rotten Row (Hyde Park), 264, 587, 591; —standards of maintenance for, 504, 508; —Waterlow Park, 539, 543, 875, 880; Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, 558, 561, 644, 648, 658, 810, 812, 841, 955, 956, 958, 959, 960, 961, 966; Royal Zoological Society of, 280, 284; suburbs of, 539, 540, 543, 810–11; —Chislehurst, 506, 522, 532, 539, 543, 553, 562, 810–11; —Hampstead, 534, 535, 537, 539, 540, 562, 578, 810–11
——Thames River: boating on, 26, 34, 301, 303, 507, 509, 536, 539, 546–48, 553, 556, 773, 774, 775, 902; embankment of, 810; as model for planting shores of the Lagoon, 26, 536, 548–52, 553
An Essay on the Picturesque, 252, 625, 656
[1047]
Essays on the Nature and Principles of Taste, 1013
Evelyn, John, 1001, 1006, 1012, 1014
Exposition Universelle (Paris, 1889), 25–26, 68, 183, 197, 292, 294, 347, 349, 503, 509–13, 514, 518–20, 529, 574, 683; Central Plaza, 511; City of Paris, 510, 511, 515; Eiffel Tower, 25, 509, 514, 552; fountains in, 512; landscape features of, 514–15, 527; lessons for World’s Columbian Exposition, 674; tropical palms and plants in pots, use of, 26, 518, 519; walks of, 510
——buildings in, 25, 511;—Palais des Beaux Arts, 519;—Palais du Trocadéro, 25, 509, 511, 514
Expositions: Cotton States and International Exposition (Atlanta, Ga., 1895), 753, 754, 756; Paris Exposition (1878), 197; Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition (1876), 186, 193, 492, 493–94. See also Exposition Universelle; World’s Columbian Exposition
Fairsted, FLO residence and office, 3, 118; grounds of, 224, 225, 424
Farragut, David Glasgow, 894, 897
Farwell, F.C., 923
Farwell, J.V., 923
Fernow, Bernhard E., 428
Field, Alfred T., 25, 262, 503, 534
Fischer, William L., 560, 561, 580, 582, 702, 708, 750, 751
Fisk, Archie Campbell (1836–1923), 95, 99, 100
Forbes, John Murray (1813–1898), 335, 352
The Formal Garden in England, 545, 558, 716
Fornachon, Maurice, 792
Foster, J. Frank, 43, 44, 173, 174, 191, 780, 783
Fourth Report Concerning the Aid and Comfort given by the Sanitary Commission to Sick Soldiers Passing Through Washington, December 15th, 1862, 279
France: Amboise, 521, 522; Angers, 522–23, 528; Blois, 520, 521, 522; Chambord, 520; Chantilly, 517, 518, 520; Dijon, 587, 590–91; Menier Chocolate Company (Noisel), 527, 529; Orleans, 521; Versailles, 517, 518, 520, 907
——Loire Valley, 5, 76, 520, 877; chateaux of, 5, 26, 520, 521, 522; landscape of, 521–22; nurseries of, 521, 522–23
——Paris: Champs Elysees in, 587, 590, 906, 910; cholera in, 542, 545; École des Beaux Arts in, 72, 710, 716, 911; Jardin des Tuileries in, 477, 517, 669, 682; Jardin du Luxembourg in, 513, 515, 658; Louvre in, 520; Rue de Rivoli in, 196, 197. See also Exposition Universelle
Franklin, Benjamin, 269, 277, 905
Franklin Field (Muster Ground; Harambee Park) (Boston, Mass.), 32, 480, 487, 538; FLO on JCO plan for, 537; peat meadow site, 32, 486, 489; preliminary plan for, 481–84
Franklin Park (West Roxbury Park) (Boston, Mass.), 32, 115, 480, 484, 601, 1008, 1009; Circuit Road in, 580, 583; 1885 plan for, 744, 747; 1891 revised plan for, 31, 482–83, 561, 745, 747; funding for, 905; pastoral scenery in, 484, 1008, 1009; planting plans for, 580; play areas for children in, 316; proposal for leasing of land for raising fowl, 912–13; rules relating to assemblies in, 455–56, 462, 463, 486; sheep in, 912–13, 914; tennis ground, 223, 225; walks in, 223–24; water features in, 484–85, 486, 489–90; zoological gardens (natural history stations) in, 298–99, 309
——areas of: ante-park, 389–90; Country Park, 389–90, 583; Ellicottdale, 223–24, 583; Greeting, 9, 583; Hagborne Hill, 224, 225; Little Folks District, 313, 316; Long Crouch Woods, 309; Nazingdale, 224, 489, 583; Nursery, 580, 582; Playstead, 89, 118, 313, 316, 486; Quarry, 223, 225; Scarboro Hill, 31, 224, 746, 748; Scarboro Pond, 31, 484, 559–60, 582, 709; Wilderness, 224, 582, 583, 822
——structures in: arbor, 223, 225; boulder structures and walls, 32, 118, 385; Ellicott Arch, 118, 224, 225; Ellicott house (tennis cottage), 223, 225, 390; FLO’s opinions on, 32, 745–46; plaque for Ralph Waldo Emerson, 31–32; Playstead Overlook terrace, 385, 386–87;
[1048]Refectory, 31, 32, 388, 389, 390, 745, 747, 748; Schoolmaster Hill shelter, 388, 390, 528, 538, 556, 582, 583, 747; Valley Gate, 387, 389; Williams house, 223
Freeman, J.W., 879
French, Daniel Chester, 619, 823
Gage, Lyman Judson (1836–1927), 18, 167, 169, 170, 173, 176, 177, 191, 194
Gainsborough, Thomas, 1014
Gall, James, Jr. (d. 1910), 2, 13, 15, 16, 87, 111, 112–13, 133, 137, 138, 142, 144, 169, 207, 237, 305, 335, 341, 342, 394, 599, 744, 789, 790, 792, 797, 808, 840, 841, 851, 856, 857, 858, 860, 870, 873, 875, 877, 900, 916, 939–41, 954; and Biltmore Village, 791–92, 855; “blunders” at Biltmore, 6, 169, 219, 222, 567, 691, 692–93; as director of Biltmore Nursery, 15, 450; and gravel for Biltmore Estate, 919, 937–38, 941; and landscape work for Ram Branch at Biltmore Estate, 134–37, 219, 305, 317–21, 869; as superintendent of landscape at Biltmore, 6, 219, 222, 317–21, 691, 692–93, 856–60, 885
Gall, Marion D., 797, 802, 879
Gallagher, Charles T., 90
Gallaudet, Thomas Hopkins, 468, 471
The Garden; An Illustrated Weekly Journal of Gardening in All its Branches, 709, 716
Garden and Forest: An Illustrated Weekly Journal of Horticulture, 203, 206
Garden Design and Architects’ Gardens, 557, 558, 578, 579, 716–17
Gardner, Isabella Stewart, 618, 964
Gardner, John Lowell “Jack,” Jr., 618
Garland, J. A., 952
Garrison, William Lloyd, 468, 470
Garvin, Ezra K., 913
Geddes, George, 647
Genera Plantarum: Ad Exemplaria Imprimis in Herbariis Kewensibus Servata Definita, 734, 986, 988
Geraldine, Dion, 344, 345, 351, 554, 557
Gilder, Richard Watson, 346, 349
Gilpin, William, 248, 252, 646, 654, 656, 666, 680, 944, 945, 974, 981, 1014, 1015
Gilroy, Thomas F., 262
Ginter, Lewis, 293
Gladstone, William Ewart, 526, 528, 687, 689
Glessner, Frances, 615, 616, 618, 753, 754, 840
Glessner, George, 503, 537, 538, 539, 543, 560, 561, 562, 564, 618, 753, 754, 836, 840, 942, 943
Glessner, John J. (1843–1936), 613, 615, 616, 618–19, 753, 754, 787, 836, 839, 840
Goelet, Ogden, 68, 73, 227, 535, 545, 553, 554, 556
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1001, 1012
Goodwin, William Watson, 166, 168
Gottlieb, Abraham, 208, 297, 349, 682, 683, 718
Gould, Benjamin Apthorp, 270, 276, 278
Grant, Ulysses Simpson, 268, 270, 277, 278, 878
Grant, William H., 938–39
Graves, John Card (1839–1931), 568, 592, 596
Green, Andrew Haswell, 153, 200, 201, 263, 641, 643, 648
Griscom, Clement A., 921
Grote, George, 680, 1007, 1015
“Guide Map of Biltmore Estate,” 10–11
Hale, Edward Everett, 93
Hall, Robert Sprague, 373, 374
Hall, William Hammond (1846–1934), 164, 446, 568–70; and Alessandro residential community (San Bernardino County, Calif.), 568–70; and Golden Gate Park, 569
Hamerton, Philip Gilbert, 666, 680
Hand Book of Nursing for Family and General Use, 253
Harlem River Speedway (N.Y.C.), 257–62, 264, 344, 814, 855, 864, 865, 866–67, 868; FLO appointed to committee to review design of, 905, 908; FLO as consultant on design of, 866; as work of
[1049]landscape architecture, not engineering, FLO on, 864, 865. See also Central Park: speedway proposed in
Harper’s Weekly, 198, 234, 235, 289
Harrison, Benjamin, 687, 688, 690
Harrison, Jonathan Baxter (1835–1907), 2, 334, 739–40, 741, 813, 815
Hartford, Conn.: FLO 1871 proposal for park system of, 945, 947; parks in, 122–26, 947–48; selection of land for parks in, 946, 947–48
Hartley, Robert, 279
Hartwell, Henry Walker, 32, 387, 389, 390, 744, 747
Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass.): Arnold Arboretum of, 68, 118, 231, 369, 371, 444, 474, 476, 961–62, 966; awards FLO honorary degree, 30, 651, 653, 664–65, 688; Bussey Institute of, 68, 70, 231, 369, 371, 444, 962, 964; first course in landscape architecture at, 77, 231
Haskell, A. E., 153, 214–15, 354, 357–58
Henry Hobson Richardson and His Works, 578, 579, 696
Higinbotham, Harlow N., 193, 289
Hill, Edmund C. (1855–1936), 38, 87, 101, 102, 103
Historical Sketch of the Union League Club of New York. Its Origin, Organization, and Work 1863–1879, 198, 199
History of the Modern Taste in Gardening, 1012
History of the United States Sanitary Commission. Being the General Report of its Work During the War of the Rebellion, 198, 199, 265, 276
Hollins, Harry Bowly, 208, 226, 227
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 895, 898
Hooker, Joseph Dalton, 13, 734, 955, 958, 986, 988
Hooker, William Jackson, 633, 640, 648, 960
The Horticulturist, and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste, 639, 647, 972, 979, 981
Hot Springs Reservation (Ark.): 1893 report for, 584–89, 585; relations with government representative of, 705, 719, 720
How a Free People Conduct a Long War, 272, 276
Howard, John L., 472, 858, 860, 870, 871, 875, 880, 941
Howe, Edward W., 343, 702, 708, 783, 850, 853
Howe, Samuel Gridley, 270, 278
Howes, Osborne, Jr., 424
Hunnewell, Horatio Hollis, 962, 964
Hunt, Richard Howland, 221, 224, 226, 229, 704, 916, 918
Hunt, Richard Morris (1827–1895), 73, 137, 139, 221, 224, 226, 342, 395, 445–46, 718; biography of, 72–75; Central Park gates proposal, 42, 73, 81, 917, 918; death of, 75; education of, 73, 716; FLO’s opinion of, 742, 917; honors received, 75, 653, 655, 718; and N.Y. State Capitol controversy, 73, 81, 709, 716; plan for New-York Historical Society building in Central Park, 73, 81, 263, 286; relations of, with FLO, 73–75, 81, 629, 907–8, 914
——collaboration with FLO: architectural plans for Biltmore Estate, 5–9, 12, 74, 81, 82, 219, 287, 389, 542, 545, 546, 691, 742, 788, 790, 791, 841, 858, 861, 907–8, 911, 916, 917, 922; architectural plans for Vanderbilt mausoleum, 5, 73, 81; Biltmore Village, 16–17, 74, 83, 228, 704, 722, 725, 762–64, 791, 854, 914–15, 916, 917–18; Columbia College campus, 626, 629; Newport estates, 73, 287, 535, 545, 556, 911; World’s Columbian Exposition, 20, 28, 73–74, 75, 81, 286, 287, 289, 349, 415, 671, 682, 683, 713, 714, 718, 911
Hunt, Thomas Terry, 469
Hurt, Joel, 213, 226, 228, 293, 581, 600, 699, 753, 755, 756
Hutton, Gaun McRobert, 601, 708
Index alter Plantarum quae in Horto Academico Lugduno-Batavo aluntur, 1014
Investigations in the Military and Anthropological Statistics of American Soldiers, 276, 278
]
Jack, John George (1861–1949), 371, 845, 848
Jackson Park (Chicago, Ill.), 17–18, 681; characteristics of, before World’s Columbian Exposition, 18, 19, 173–74, 286, 288, 292, 347, 668, 670, 711; design of, in Olmsted-Vaux Plan of 1871, 19, 670, 681, 711; FLO on proposed use as site of World’s Columbian Exposition, 18, 19, 170–73; FLO’s role in redesign after World’s Columbian Exposition, 43–46, 697, 705, 721; “Jackson Park Is Too Swampy” (Chicago Tribune), 18, 191, 192, 681; lagoons in, 19, 768, 772; Lake Michigan as landscape feature of, 173, 182, 192, 288, 289, 347; OO&E Revised General Plan of 1895, 34, 43–46, 45, 781; opposition to use of, as site of exposition, 668; Palace of Fine Arts in, 779; plan for northern section of, 44, 779, 781; proposed locks for northern and southern inlets, 43–44, 781; as site of World’s Columbian Exposition, 18; size of, 17–18, 171, 173, 212, 349, 681; water level, control of, 43, 44, 669, 779, 781, 782, 783. See also Midway Plaisance; South Park; Washington Park; World’s Columbian Exposition
Jackson, William, 853
Jacob, Charles D., 381
Jacques, Herbert, 295, 297, 590, 809
Jamaica Park (Boston, Mass.), 601, 811, 812, 817–23, 819; beaches in, 33, 818, 822; boating service in, 821, 823, 903; Jamaica Pond in, 32–33, 645, 648, 847, 849; Parkman Memorial in, 821, 823; Parkway in (Jamaicaway), 33, 789, 791, 818, 821; Pinebank (Perkins estate), 818, 821, 822; pleasure road on west side of pond, 818–21, 847, 849, 852; retaining wall in pond, 818, 822, 847; C. S. Sargent’s recommendations for road in, 848, 849–50
James, William (1842–1910), 359, 363
Jenney, William LeBaron, 193, 287, 349, 445, 446, 682, 718, 911
Jessup, Morris Ketchum, 601
Johnson, George W., 999–1000, 1012
Johnson, Robert Underwood (1853–1937), 240–41, 623, 625
Johnson, Samuel, 458, 463–64, 991, 1011, 1015
Johnson’s Universal Cyclopaedia, 198, 199, 288, 290, 295, 298, 650, 652, 775, 777, 965
Jones, David B., 784, 785, 786
Jordan, Edward C., 153, 355, 358
A Journal of Travels in England, Holland, and Scotland in 1805–06, 252
Kames, Lord Henry Home, 1003, 1013
Kansas City (Mo.) parks, 48, 559, 561, 563, 567, 571, 576, 617, 721
Kanst, Fred, 43, 329, 608, 681, 738
Keller, George, 600
Kellersberger, Julius, 152
Kendricken, Paul H. (1834–1917), 487, 489, 722, 759, 761
Kennedy, Elijah R., 40–41, 124, 129, 748–49, 750, 758, 791
Kent, William, 776, 778, 804, 808, 1002–6, 1013, 1014
Kessler, George, 577, 617, 721
Kingsbury, Frederick J. (1823–1910), 1, 5, 72, 236, 250, 290, 293, 294, 469–70, 622, 684, 688, 690
Kirkwood Land Company (Atlanta, Ga.), 213, 226, 227, 228, 293, 561, 699, 755, 756; financial difficulties of, 753; FLO’s concerns about completing work for, 597, 598; initial plan for Ponce de Leon Avenue, 600; Joel Hurt’s leadership of, 228; M. Hoke Smith and, 720; work for, after FLO’s retirement, 600
L’Enfant, Pierre Charles, 46
Lafayette, Marquis de, 894, 897
Lake Wauconda subdivision (Perry Park, Colo.), 47, 100, 236, 237–39, 238, 294, 297, 464, 497, 570, 590; lots, proposed limitation of size of, 237–38, 239; as model for community design in semiarid regions, 239, 806–7, 809; water supply for, 239
Lanciani, Rodolfo Amedeo, 1007, 1012
The Landscape: A Didactic Poem, 991, 1011
[1051]
Langley, Samuel Pierpont, 46, 284, 285
Lathrop, Ariel (1830–1908), 87, 144, 151, 152, 154, 161–64, 227, 809
Le Nôtre, André, 476, 477, 517, 518, 1006, 1014
Letterman, Jonathan, 277
Life of Charles Loring Brace, Chiefly Told in His Own Letters, 468–69, 688, 690
Lilley, Robert (1839–1914), 464, 775, 777
Lincoln, Abraham, 268, 817, 897, 898, 930
Livermore, Thomas Leonard (1844–1918), 32, 373, 374, 411, 450, 462, 480, 487, 489, 535, 538
London, England. See England
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 895, 898
Longyear, John Munroe, 419, 535, 561, 721
Loudon, John Claudius, 974, 981, 991, 999, 1003, 1004, 1006, 1011, 1013–14
Louisville, Ky., 38–40, 374–75, 598; monuments and statues in parks, FLO on, 39, 830–32; private estates in, 38, 39
——parks and parkways in, 38, 343, 376, 534, 705, 721, 789, 791; Boone Square, 39, 375, 381; Cherokee Park, 39, 380, 381, 577, 601;—pastoral scenery in, 39, 378, 380; Iroquois Park (Jacob Park), 38–39, 375, 379, 380, 381, 382, 590, 601; Kenton Place, 39, 416, 417; Logan Place, 39, 415;—water garden in, 39, 416, 416, 417; Shawnee Park, 39, 380, 381, 382, 601
Low, Sidney James Mark, 424
Lowell, James Russell, 165, 168, 247, 252, 370, 372, 895, 898
Macauley, Thomas Babington, 1001, 1012
MacMonnies, Frederick William, 348, 349, 512, 515, 517, 532, 611, 617, 759, 909; Columbian Fountain, 512
Manning, Jacob Warren, 118
Manning, Warren H. (1860–1938), 118–19, 211, 213, 222–23, 226, 353–54, 397, 517, 556, 572, 576, 580, 598, 614, 704, 706, 727, 733, 753, 792, 798, 851, 854, 874, 879, 881, 899, 962, 963; and Biltmore Arboretum, 13–14, 76, 733, 788, 841, 900, 961;—planting plan for, 77, 727, 733, 734, 788, 800, 925–26, 927, 928, 929, 959; career after leaving Olmsted firm, 881; FLO’s confidence in, 923; relations of, with FLO, 118–19; superintendent of planting for Olmsted’s firm (1893+), 3, 4, 118–19, 706, 962
Marblehead (Mass.), proposed road for, 48–49, 236, 254–56
Marine Park (Boston, Mass.), 33, 34, 298, 309–10, 775, 902, 904–5; naming of, 33, 308; pier head pavilion at, 107–8, 110, 1008, 1008, 1016
Marshall, William, 646
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Boston and Cambridge, Mass.), 67, 198, 231, 298, 369, 371, 618, 680, 1010
Matthews, Nathan, Jr., 462, 463, 485, 538, 708, 747
McKim, Charles Follen, 77, 287, 442, 444, 612, 615, 618, 619, 629, 786, 816
McKim, Mead & White, 20, 48, 153, 341, 444–45, 545, 682, 750, 751, 757, 758, 785, 786, 816, 909
McMillan, John Gilmore, 144, 145, 148, 151, 154, 162, 164
McMillan, William, 112, 114, 130
McNamee, Charles (1865–1923), 5, 16, 114, 154, 177, 207, 221, 224, 226, 229, 291, 394, 471, 472, 506, 623, 690, 692, 693, 720, 722, 762, 764, 791, 797, 798, 801, 851, 853, 854, 855, 868, 873, 877, 878, 879, 885, 900, 901, 915, 916, 935, 939, 940, 954, 955; FLO’s frustration with, 154, 394, 692, 693, 790, 791, 797, 798, 901, 902, 917
Mead, William Rutherford, 289, 349, 442, 443, 444, 682, 718, 816
Meade, George Gordon, 268, 277
Meade, Richard Worsam, 439, 442
Medici, Catherine de, 682
Meigs, Montgomery Cunningham, 112, 268, 277
[1052]
Metropolitan Park Commission (Boston, Mass.), 35, 71, 598, 601, 916; Blue Hills Reservation, 33, 35, 72, 601, 701, 707, 815; Charles Eliot as landscape architect for, 71, 707; importance of, FLO on, 35, 701–2; Middlesex Fells, 35, 72, 701, 707, 815; Revere Beach, 72, 701, 707; Waverly Oaks, 35, 72, 601, 701, 707; West Roxbury Parkway, 33
Midway Plaisance (Chicago, Ill.), 18, 19, 20, 192, 290, 477, 516, 672, 681, 683, 717, 768, 771; Olmsted-Vaux Plan of 1871, 43–44, 329, 669, 699, 768; opposition to canal, by Frank Foster, 44, 782, 783; plan for canal in, 19, 43, 44, 46, 670, 764–72, 765, 774; preliminary plans of 1894, 723, 764–75, 765; use of, for World’s Columbian Exposition, 174, 184, 250, 288, 608, 663, 675
Millet, Francis Davis, 329, 541, 544–45, 572, 576, 577, 615, 619, 659, 660, 662, 663, 688
Milner, Henry Ernest, 554, 557, 716
Milton, John, 624, 625, 1002, 1005, 1007, 1012, 1015
Milwaukee, Wis., 40; Board of Park Commissioners, 40, 722, 751
——parks, 2, 567, 576, 577, 609, 617, 705, 721; Lake Park, 40, 601, 704, 708, 751, 753, 754; River Park, 40, 601; West Park, 40, 601, 751, 753, 754. See also Wahl, Christian
Minneapolis, Minn., parks in, 2, 124, 129, 650, 812
Modern Painters, 871, 985, 988, 1001–2, 1012, 1015
Monell, Caroline Elizabeth DeWindt Downing, 949, 970, 980
Monell, John J., 948, 949–50, 970, 979, 980
Montagu, Mary Wortley, 1001, 1012
Montijo, Eugenie de, 812
Moore, Edward Mott, 95, 215, 218
Moore, William Austin (1823–1906), 336, 400, 407, 408
Mould, Jacob Wrey, 263, 601, 866
Muddy River Sanitary Improvement (Boston and Brookline, Mass.), 31, 542, 545, 561, 702, 703, 707, 819, 853; bridges in, 386; importance of, FLO on, 702, 707; Leverett Park (Olmsted Park), 820, 821, 822; Leverett Pond, 31; as model for treatment of urban streams, 31, 707; Parkway (Riverway) in, 31, 535, 538, 580, 582, 703, 708; planting in, 79–80, 580, 702; as sanitary improvement, 31, 853, 1007–8, 1015; significance of, to Olmsted firm’s reputation, FLO on, 31, 702, 704
National Zoo (Washington, D.C.). See Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian National Zoological Park in
The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, 811, 812
New American Cyclopaedia, 590, 650, 652, 771, 945
New Dictionary of the English Language, 1007, 1015
Newlands, Francis (1848–1917), 46, 410, 419, 423, 425, 426, 445, 446
New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, 279
New York (City): American Museum of Natural History, 601, 602; Board of Commissioners of the Central Park (1857–1870), 464, 630, 647–48, 771, 865, 897, 909; Board of Commissioners of the Department of Public Parks (1870—), 262, 481, 832, 843, 844, 863, 865; Croton Aqueduct Board, 862, 865; Grant Monument, 444; Hamilton Square, 489; Harlem Flats, 260, 264; Madison Square, 897; Morningside Park, 193, 500, 502, 629, 699; muster ground for, 487, 489; Northern Manhattan, FLO and Calvert Vaux plan for, 477; parade ground, 489; parks in Bronx, 128, 226, 228, 540, 544; patronage pressures in, 643, 887–89; Riverside Park, 169, 193, 200, 201, 262, 629, 669, 758, 759, 910; small parks in, 459; street cleaning of, 887–88; street trees in, 500–502; Tompkins Square Park, FLO plan for, 263, 489, 681–82; Tweed administration in, 200, 263, 299, 501, 643, 863, 865, 897; Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth wards of, FLO plan for, 154, 424; Union Square, 486, 897; World’s
[1053]Columbian Exposition, proposed site of, 193. See also Central Park; Harlem River Speedway
Nicholson, George, 958, 959, 960, 964
Nightingale, Florence, 270, 278
Niles, Bertha, 351
Niles, Bertha Olmsted, 350, 351
Niles, Edward Cullen, 350, 351
Niles, William Woodruff, 350, 351
Nixon, Miles Greenwood (1855–1928), 410, 429, 431–32, 433, 435, 436, 438–39, 440, 441, 464, 466, 546, 555
Noble, John Willock, 590
Noble, William H. (1813–1894), 236, 241, 242–43, 249
North Easton, Mass.: Hobart Ames residence, 118; FLO’s design of memorial ground and cairn at, 115–18, 526, 529; Langwater (F.L. Ames) estate, 118; Oakes Ames Memorial Town Hall at, 117; Oliver Ames Free Library at, 115, 118
Norton, Charles Eliot (1827–1908), 2, 29–30, 368, 370, 371, 372, 473, 529, 679, 739, 740, 815, 869, 871
Olmsted, Albert Henry (Harry) (1842–1929) (half-brother), 122, 126, 708, 829, 830, 945, 947
Olmsted, Benjamin (1751–1832) (grandfather), 650–51, 652
Olmsted, Charlotte Hull (1800–1826) (mother), 646, 649, 651, 653, 656
Olmsted, Charles Hyde (1798–1878) (cousin), 646
Olmsted, Content Pitkin (1752–1839) (grandmother), 651, 653, 685
Olmsted, Frederick Erskine (Fritz) (1872–1925) (nephew), 829, 830
Olmsted, Frederick Law (FLO) (1822–1903), iv, 136; death of, 50; on education of Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., 75–77, 165, 166, 202–5, 344–45, 689, 803–8, 810, 872–79, 939, 940–42, 949, 952, 955–57, 959, 961–62; as farmer, 361–62, 363–64, 469, 642, 647; on pioneer condition, 573–74, 698, 699–700; portrait painted by John Singer Sargent, 83, 917, 918, 922; receives honorary degrees from Harvard and Yale, 30, 651, 653, 664, 665, 688; reminiscences of, 245–48, 359–63, 642–44, 645–48, 650–53, 654–55, 887–89; retirement from professional practice, 14, 49–50, 948–49, 950, 951, 952; study at Yale College, 664, 665
——city park commissions, relations of, with: Boston Department of Parks, 30, 32–35, 374, 450–61, 481, 535–36, 538, 580, 637, 641, 811, 812, 902; Brooklyn, N.Y., park commission, 40–42, 748–50, 755, 813–17, 910–11, 929–30, 931; Buffalo Park Commission, 35–37; Chicago South Park Commission, 43–44, 697, 700–701, 773, 780, 781–83; Hartford Park Commission, 945, 946, 947; Louisville Park Commission, 38, 381, 843, 844–45; Milwaukee Park Commission, 40, 751–52, 753; New York City Department of Public Parks, 42–43, 152–53, 201, 259, 261–62, 295–96, 481, 495–96, 502, 601–2, 843, 844, 862–67, 889–90, 891, 894, 897, 905–6, 909; Rochester, N.Y., 37, 109, 215–18
——city park commissions, FLO on responsibilities of, 125–26, 258–59, 262, 375–76, 377, 378–79, 451–61, 649, 736, 737–38, 766, 890
——early education, 248, 252, 642, 645–46, 805, 807, 877, 951; natural scenery, FLO on importance of, 247, 633, 642, 643, 645, 651, 653–54; study of farming, 647; study with Frederick A. Barton, 469, 639, 646, 647
——health of, 2–3, 14, 25, 49, 50, 221, 241, 245, 247, 250, 252, 340, 357, 393, 506, 521, 531–32, 533, 534, 537, 539, 553, 562, 576, 578, 597, 598, 599, 604–5, 611, 613, 642, 646, 653, 654, 656, 665, 685, 686, 700, 705, 753, 790, 797–98, 802, 803, 808, 812, 850, 853, 942, 943, 948–49, 951, 954, 963; failing memory of, 49, 50, 901, 920
——landscape design projects—cemeteries, mausoleums, and memorials: Elmwood Cemetery, advice on (Detroit, Mich.), 400–408; Memorial cairn (North Easton, Mass.), 115–18, 529, 599; Sharon Mausoleum (San Francisco, Calif.), 294, 423; Vanderbilt Mausoleum (New Dorp, Staten Island, N.Y.C.), 81, 153, 208, 292, 294, 581, 812–13, 814
[1054]
——landscape design projects—colleges and educational institutions: American University (Washington, D.C.), 47, 599, 602, 833–35, 916, 921; Amherst College (Amherst, Mass.), 47; Bryn Mawr College (Bryn Mawr, Pa.), 47, 921; Bryn Mawr School (Baltimore, Md.), 47, 581, 921; Columbia College (N.Y.C.), 47, 618, 626–29, 792; Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb (Gallaudet College, Washington, D.C.), 471; Groton School (Groton, Mass.), 47; Lawrenceville School (Lawrenceville, N.J.), 47, 208; Phillips Academy (Andover, Mass.), 47; Princeton University (Princeton, N.J.), 47, 208; St. Joseph’s Seminary (Dunwoodie, N.Y.), 48; U.S. Military Academy (West Point, N.Y.), 156–58, 165, 167. See also Arnold Arboretum; Stanford University
——landscape design projects—community design: Alessandro (San Bernardino County, Calif.), 47, 569, 570; Apollo Iron and Steel (Vandergrift, Pa.), 47; Brookline Land Company 47; Cadwalader Heights (Trenton, N.J.), 46, 208; Chevy Chase Land Company, 2, 46, 419–24, 425–26; Depew Improvement Company (near Buffalo, N.Y.), 47, 527, 529, 705; District of Columbia streets, 46, 445–47, 916, 921; Druid Hills (Atlanta, Ga.) (see Kirkwood Land Company); Log Cabin Land Company (Detroit, Mich.), 47, 599, 705, 721; Riverdale (Bronx, N.Y.), 424; Riverside (Ill.), 251; Saint Cloud Hill (Nashville, Tenn.), 47, 221, 227, 293; Sherwood Land Company (Richmond, Va.), 47, 291, 293; Short Hills, N.J., 208; Staten Island Improvement Commission (Staten Island, N.Y.), 277. See also Biltmore Village; Kirkwood Land Company; Lake Wauconda subdivision
——landscape design projects—exhibitions and fairs: Central Park proposed as site for World’s Columbian Exposition, FLO on, 908; Cotton States and International Exposition (Atlanta, Ga. 1895), 753, 754–55. See also Exposition Universelle; World’s Columbian Exposition
——landscape design projects—parks, parkways, and park systems: Andrew Jackson Downing Memorial Park (Newburgh, N.Y.), 639, 980; Arborway (Boston, Mass.), 822; Bay Ridge Parkway (Shore Road, Brooklyn, N.Y.), 581, 598, 601, 750, 814; Beardsley Park (Bridgeport, Conn.), 243, 253; Boone Square (Louisville, Ky.), 39, 375, 381; Cadwalader Park (Trenton, N.J.), 101–3, 127, 208, 227; Cazenovia Park (Buffalo, N.Y.), 705; Charles River Embankment (Boston, Mass.), 891–93; Charlestown Heights (Boston, Mass.), 34, 374, 580, 583, 760, 762; Charlestown Playground (Boston, Mass.), 583; Cherokee Park (Louisville, Ky.), 39, 378, 380, 381, 577, 601, 791; Copp’s Hill Terrace (Boston, Mass.), 760, 762, 944, 945; Genesee Valley Park (Rochester, N.Y.), 37, 127, 212, 217, 218, 219, 601; Hartford (Conn.) parks, 49, 601, 708, 944–48; Highland Park (Rochester, N.Y.), 37–38, 104–7, 108–11, 212–13, 218, 227, 364–67, 601; Iroquois Park (Louisville, Ky.), 38–39, 375, 379, 380, 381, 382, 590, 601, 791; Jamaica Way (Boston, Mass.), 791, 821; Kansas City parks, 571, 572, 577, 598, 601, 617, 721; Kentmere Parkway (Wilmington, Del.), 127, 637–38, 641; Kenton Place (Louisville, Ky.), 39, 415, 417; Lake Park (Milwaukee, Wis.), 40, 601, 751, 753, 754; Leverett Park (Boston, Mass.), 820–21, 822; Logan Place (Louisville, Ky.), 39, 415–17, 415, 416; Marine Park (Boston, Mass.), 904–5, 1008, 1016; Milwaukee park system, 40, 571, 572, 598, 705, 721, 881; Morningside Park (N.Y.C.), 500, 502, 629, 669, 681; Morton Park (Newport, R.I.), 812; Mount Royal (Montreal, Canada), 694, 696, 1010–11; Newark, N.J., park, 38, 130; Presque Isle Park (Marquette, Mich.), 395, 410, 417–18, 534, 535; Ridgewood Park (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 826–28, 827; River Park (Milwaukee, Wis.), 40, 601; Riverside Park (N.Y.C.), 629, 669, 681; Riverway (Boston, Mass.), 580, 582, 702, 708, 791, 1015, 1016; Seaside Park (Bridgeport, Conn.), 243, 253; Seneca Park (Rochester, N.Y.), 37, 127, 212, 218, 227, 601; Shawnee Park
[1055]
(Louisville, Ky.), 39, 380, 381, 382, 601; Sunset Park (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 42, 817; Tompkins Square (N.Y.C.), 263, 489, 669, 682; Washington Park (Chicago, Ill.), 17, 18, 19, 20, 43, 174, 176, 212, 322, 329, 477, 670; West Park (Milwaukee, Wis.), 40, 601, 753, 754; Wood Island Park (Boston, Mass.), 583. See also Arnold Arboretum; Back Bay Fens; Boston, Mass.; Brandywine Park; Brooklyn: parks and public spaces in; Buffalo, N.Y., parks; Central Park; Charlesbank; Franklin Field; Franklin Park; Jackson Park; Louisville, Ky.; Midway Plaisance; Muddy River Sanitary Improvement; Prospect Park; Rochester, N.Y.; South Park; Washington Park
——landscape design projects—private estates, 47–48; Albright, J.J. (Buffalo, N.Y.), 48, 93–95, 94, 119–22, 120; Brown, Harold (Newport, R.I.), 788, 823–26, 824, 825; Busk, Joseph R. (“Indian Springs,” Newport, R.I.), 73, 534, 535, 545, 911; Cheney, Anne (Manchester, Conn.), 474, 577, 582; Cook, Henry H. (Lenox, Mass.), 601, 619; Coolidge, J. Randolph (Brookline, Mass.), 554, 558; Davis, John T. (Clayton, Mo.), 599; Farwell, J.V. and F.C. (Lake Forest, Ill.), 923; Garland, J.A. (Bar Harbor, Maine), 952; Glessner, John J. (“The Rocks,” Littleton, N.H.), 618–19, 718, 836–40, 837, 838, 943; Goelet, Ogden (“Ochre Court,” Newport, R.I.), 68, 73, 287, 534, 535, 542, 545, 553, 554, 556, 558, 601, 708, 911; Griscom, Clement (Haverford, Pa.), 921; Hoagland, J.C. (Sea Bright, N.J.), 601; Hollins, H.B. (Long Island, N.Y.), 208, 226, 227; Holt, Henry (“Fairholt,” Burlington, Vt.), 48; Jessup, Morris Ketchum (Lenox, Mass.), 706–7; Jones, David B. (Lake Forest, Ill.), 784, 784, 785, 786; Longyear, John Munroe (Marquette, Mich.), 419, 535, 561, 721; McNamee, Charles (“Old Ford,” Asheville, N.C.), 224; Pulitzer, Joseph (Bar Harbor, Maine), 952; Reid, Whitelaw (“Ophir Farm,” White Plains, N.Y.), 48, 534, 535, 542, 545, 581; Rockefeller, William (“Rockwood Hall,” Tarrytown, N.Y.), 48, 119, 148, 153, 220, 581, 706, 786; Sloane, John D. (Lenox, Mass.), 601, 619, 706; Sloane, William Douglas (Lenox, Mass.), 601, 619, 706; Twombly, H. McKown (“Florham Farms,” Madison, N.J.), 47–48, 148, 153, 208, 211, 213, 221, 335, 336–41, 442–43, 444, 445, 534, 535, 542, 545, 581, 599, 706; Vanderbilt, George W. (“Point d’Acadie,” Bar Harbor, Maine), 47, 81–82, 153, 214, 292, 294, 353–57, 356, 358; Watson, H. F. (Erie, Pa.), 599; White, Jonathan and Joseph H. (Brookline, Mass.), 554, 557. See also Biltmore Estate
——landscape design projects—projects for U.S. Government: Hot Springs Reservation (Hot Springs, Ark.), 48, 584–91, 700, 705, 709; Jeffersonville Depot (Ind.), 277, 327; Schuylkill Arsenal (Philadelphia, Pa.), 277; Smithsonian National Zoological Park (Washington, D.C.), 2, 46, 227, 279–86, 921; U.S. Capitol, 46, 545, 554, 557, 746, 748, 754, 833
——landscape design projects—residential institutions, 951; Bloomingdale Asylum (N.Y.C.), 626, Bloomingdale Asylum (Westchester County, N.Y.), 48, 951; Leake and Watts Orphan Asylum (White Plains, N.Y.), 48
——landscape design projects—resorts: Denver and Lookout Mountain Resort, Land Improvement and Transit Company (Colo.), 95–101, 294; Lake Sunapee, N.H., 949
——landscape design theory and practice: advice on becoming a landscape architect, 229–31, 368–70, 371, 473, 634, 829; on buildings as furniture in parks, 32, 686, 745–46; on contemporary landscape gardening in England, 505, 506, 507, 526, 527, 536, 541, 551–52, 559, 565, 875, 962–63; on contemporary landscape gardening in France, 516–17, 521, 536, 559, 875; on cultivation of taste in landscape design, 972, 974; on decorative gardening, 516–17, 527, 536, 541, 565; on definition of “landscape,” 1015; on education in landscape design, 368–70, 634; on gardens, 997, 1003–4; —history of, 998–1002; on gardens versus parks, 282, 296, 377; on homestead,
[1056]importance of, 973, 982–85; on importance of knowledge of plants, horticulture, 806–7, 873–74, 875–77, 940, 962; on importance of turf in parks, 36, 592–94; on landscape architecture as an art, 203–4, 247, 554, 557, 655, 829; on landscape architecture as a profession, 21, 203–4, 230, 368, 655, 713, 829; on landscape architecture as the creation of scenery, 368, 377, 605, 624, 653, 655, 680, 778, 989, 990–91, 996, 1002–3, 1004, 1006, 1007; on landscape architecture for semiarid regions, 96–99, 398–99, 559, 568, 591, 755, 806–7; on landscape gardening vs. landscape architecture, 624, 625, 666–67, 680, 776, 997, 999, 1003, 1007; on misuse of the word landscape, 995; on need for book on shrubs, 964–66; on opposition to active recreation in parks, 257, 480–81, 487; on opposition to alternative uses of parks, 32, 480–81; on outdoor domestic spaces, 91–93, 540; on park as a civilizing institution, 246; on park as a place of rural recreation, 32, 43, 258, 296, 299, 309, 376, 460, 461, 760, 767, 846, 894, 895–96, 910; on plans for small places, 131–33, 209–10; on process of design in landscape architecture, 336–37, 379, 1007–9; on ruling motive of public parks, 42, 217, 308, 309, 380, 457–60, 993; on rural scenery in parks, 846; on sculpture in parks, 830–32, 894–95, 897–98; on subtropical luxuriance, 7, 931–33, 936; on suburban development and planning, 254–56, 419–22, 423–24, 644–45; on the therapeutic benefit of scenery, 1011; on unconscious influence, 524, 645; on use of arcades in landscape architecture, 584, 585, 588, 591; on use of fences in landscape architecture, 48, 91, 92–93; on use of plantings with boulder or rock construction, 32, 382–87, 695, 837–39, 855–57, 861; on use of ogee curve, 117, 118; on use of terraces in landscape architecture, 48, 554–55, 710, 784–85, 784, 786, 824; on use of the axe, 403, 404, 1010; on women in landscape architecture, 241–44, 249
——literary influences on: Ralph Waldo Emerson, 247; William Gilpin, 248, 252, 646, 654, 656, 680, 945, 1006, 1014; James Russell Lowell, 247; William Marshall, 646; Uvedale Price, 248, 252, 646, 654, 656, 1005; John Ruskin, 247, 871, 985, 1001–2, 1003, 1006; William Shenstone, 646
——mentors in family: Charles Hyde Olmsted, 646, 943; John Olmsted, 247, 642, 646, 654; Jonathan Law Olmsted, 646; Mary Ann Bull Olmsted, 642, 646, 654, 656, 755
——political views and activities of: on civil service reform (Pendleton Act), 686, 689; on election of 1892, 687; on English politics, 686–87, 689–90; on McKinley tariff, 687, 690
——professional memberships of: American Social Science Association, 299; Boston Historical Society, 944; Century Association 73, 815; Metropolitan Public Gardens Association, 242, 244, 253; Saturday Club, 372
——relations of, with: Édouard André, 476; Boston park commissioners, 30, 154; Charles Loring Brace, 245, 467–68; Oliver Crosby Bullard, 243, 253; Daniel H. Burnham, 29, 66–67; Edward Clark, 446; Horace William Shaler Cleveland, 129, 295, 298; Henry Sargent Codman, 67–70, 685; Philip Codman, 444; George William Curtis, 370, 371; Paul Dana, 261, 262; Charles Eliot, 70–72, 685, 950, 951; engineers, 782, 863–64, 865, 878–79; James Gall, 6, 112–13, 219, 222; Richard Morris Hunt, 72–74, 907, 911; Frederick J. Kingsbury, 250, 688; Frederick Newman Knapp, 279; Warren H. Manning, 118–19, 923; Charles McNamee, 154; Charles Eliot Norton, 29–30, 371, 740; Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., 75–78, 345, 686, 803–7, 872–79, 949; John Charles Olmsted, 78–80, 206–7, 686, 948, 954; William Platt, 166, 474; William Robinson, 710, 717; Charles Sprague Sargent, 386, 695, 850, 852; Frank Squier, 41, 748–50, 755, 911, 929–30, 931; William A. Thompson, 5–6; Rudolph Ulrich, 331–32, 613, 616, 757, 758; George W. Vanderbilt, 16, 81–83, 789, 851;
[1057]Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer, 203, 206, 623, 625; Calvert Vaux, 43, 200, 598, 601, 643, 695–96, 757, 813, 843, 866–67; Christian Wahl, 751, 752; George E. Waring, Jr., 138–39, 850, 852; Jacob Weidenmann, 339–40, 589, 600; Stanford White, 909, 911
—service on commissions and organizations: Board of Commissioners of the Department of Public Parks (New York City), 481, 485, 897; National Association of Sanitary and Rural Improvement, 424; N.Y. State Capitol Commission, 73, 200, 716; N.Y. State Charities Aid Association, 108, 110; U.S. Sanitary Commission, 146, 153, 198, 199, 236, 248, 251, 253, 264–79
——travels of, 218; in California (1863–65), 100, 398; in Canada (1866), 590, 694, 696; in Canada (1875), 590, 694; to China (1843–1844), 247, 252, 359–60, 363, 495, 647, 904; effect of, on health of, 2–3, 291, 685; in England (1856), 216, 218, 257, 262, 633, 639, 643–44, 648; to England, south of (1895), 955, 958, 960, 963, 982; to England and the continent, walking tour of (1850), 470, 509, 590, 633, 639, 642, 647; in England and France (1892), 2, 25–26, 34, 504–66, 639, 685, 773, 775, 875, 880, 943; in Europe (1859), 218, 367, 518, 648, 904, 958; in Europe (1878), 100, 367, 481, 485, 590; crossing Isthmus of Panama (1863), 936; in Italy (1856), 100, 591; to Mexico (1854), 390; in the South (1853), 470, 647, 798, 802, 878, 880; through Texas (1854), 100, 805, 808. See also Appendix II: Chronology of Frederick Law Olmsted 1890–1895
——writings: A Consideration of the Justifying Value of a Public Park, 296, 299; The Cotton Kingdom, 352–53, 470, 756; “The Fence,” American Garden, 91, 92–93; “George W. Vanderbilt’s Nursery,” 447–49; A Homestead; Its Constituent Parts and Essentials, 982–85; A Journey in the Back Country, 230, 470; A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States, 230, 468, 470, 880; A Journey Through Texas, 230, 470, 650, 652; “Landscape Gardening,” Johnson’s New Universal Cyclopaedia (1878), 295, 298, 650, 652, 775, 777; “Landscape-gardening, or Landscape Architecture,” Johnson’s Universal Cyclopaedia, new ed. (1895), 777, 778, 965, 966; “Notes by Mr. Olmsted: Special Report on the Preservation of the Scenery of Niagara Falls, and Fourth Annual Report on the Triangulation of the State. For the Year 1879,” 741; “Notes on the Plan of Franklin Park and Related Matters,” 34, 90; Observations on the Treatment of Public Plantations, More Especially Relating to the Use of the Axe, 333, 334; On Andrew Jackson Downing and American Landscape Gardening, 970–79; “Park,” New American Cyclopedia (1861), 295, 650, 652, 771, 944, 945; “Park,” New American Cyclopedia (1875), 295, 298, 650, 652, 771; “The Pioneer Condition and the Drift of Civilization in America,” 575, 699–700; “Plan for a Small Town Place,” 209–10, 209; “Plans for Small Places,” 131–33, 132; “Preface to the Collection” of U.S. Sanitary Commission documents, 264–75; “Preliminary Report upon the Proposed Suburban Village at Riverside, Near Chicago,” 423–24; “Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns,” 423–24, 641; “A Report Upon the Landscape Architecture of the Columbian Exposition,” 29, 665–79, 710, 717, 718; “Report of the Landscape Architect and the Civil and Topographical Engineer, Accompanying a Plan for Laying Out that Part of the Twenty-Fourth Ward Lying West of the Riverdale Road,” 424; “Suburban Home Grounds,” Nation, 966; “The People’s Park at Birkenhead, near Liverpool,” 639, 647; Walks and Talks of an American Farmer in England, 639, 642, 647
Olmsted, Frederick Law, Jr. (1870–1957) (son), 76, 227, 239, 243, 251, 350, 393, 530, 535, 536, 542, 752, 851, 862, 898, 900, 907, 918, 920, 948–49, 952, 954, 955, 963; apprenticeship at Biltmore, 76, 138, 812, 873–78, 941, 943; biography of, 75–78; career of, after FLO’s retirement, 46, 77–78, 228; critique of Biltmore Arboretum planting, 14, 77, 854, 899, 900; death of, 78; education of, 75–76, 165–66, 168, 169, 202–5, 206, 290, 344–45, 506, 508, 509,
[1058]
521–22, 523–24, 528, 531, 532, 553, 562, 563, 686, 689, 803–7, 841, 842, 843, 844, 872, 878, 901, 943, 961–62; employment and partnership in firm, 77–78; FLO’s estimation of, 76, 345, 686; FLO recommends writing book on road making, 939; FLO recommends writing book about shrubs, 964–66; as founding member of American Society of Landscape Architects, 77; health of, 76, 686; professional reports of, 940, 942, 959; relations of, with FLO, 75–77; report on fences, 939, 940, 942; teaches first course in landscape architecture at Harvard, 77
——travels: to Chicago (1891), 76, 351, 395; to Chicago (1893), 76; in England and France (1892), 25, 26, 76, 503, 505, 506, 517, 520, 522, 528, 532, 539, 543, 561, 604, 880; to England and France, (1895), 77, 955–57, 958, 959, 960, 961–62; to Palo Alto, Calif. (1886), 164; with U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 76, 787, 808, 809, 810, 811, 817, 880
Olmsted, John (1791–1873) (father), 247, 469, 642, 646, 647, 654, 655, 684, 872, 950, 951
Olmsted, John Charles (1852–1920) (nephew, stepson), 79, 95, 131, 175, 210, 219, 221, 226, 285, 342, 350, 357, 387, 393, 486, 506, 523, 534, 535, 539, 546, 553, 559, 562, 570, 571, 576, 609–17, 700, 719, 737, 748, 751, 755, 788, 803, 912, 917, 942, 952, 959, 961; architectural expertise of, 80, 386, 747, 931; biography of, 78–80; career after FLO’s retirement, 80; death of, 80; on death of H.S. Codman, 69–70; defense of planting plan for Muddy River, 79–80, 556; education of, 78, 279, 686, 804, 877; as FLO’s assistant, 3, 78–79; as founding member of American Society of Landscape Architects, 80; health of, 78, 686, 689; inappropriate behavior in firm office, 206–7; management of firm office, 4, 79, 80, 579, 597, 685, 920, 948; partnership in firm (1884+), 3, 79–80, 203, 624, 757, 851, 922, 923, 940; planting plan for Muddy River Improvement, 79–80; relations of, with FLO, 50, 78–80, 206–7, 954; on statues and monuments in Prospect Park, 41–42, 898; travels of, 485, 805, 807, 809, 810–11, 830, 841
Olmsted, John Hull (1825–1857) (brother), 78, 100, 247, 250, 252, 467, 468, 469, 470, 643, 648, 651, 653, 665
Olmsted, John Theodore (1860) (son), 110, 245, 251, 689
Olmsted, Marion (1861–1948) (daughter), 25, 49, 203, 206, 221, 227, 229, 292, 294, 350, 351, 505, 506, 507, 517, 522, 523, 536, 538, 539, 560, 564, 614, 619, 685, 752, 805, 807, 808, 810, 829, 830, 841, 842, 901, 924, 942, 951, 955, 958, 961, 963
Olmsted, Mary Bull (1801–1894) (stepmother), 292, 294, 642, 646, 654, 655, 656, 753, 755
Olmsted, Mary Perkins (1830–1921) (wife), 75, 78, 80, 207, 208, 227, 229, 350, 351, 521, 558, 563, 805, 810, 811, 829, 830, 840, 841, 842, 917, 918, 950
Olmsted, Owen Frederick (1857–1881) (nephew, stepson), 203, 205, 689
Olmsted (Bryant), Charlotte (1855–1908) (niece, stepdaughter), 809
Olmsted landscape architecture firm, 3–4; apprentices, draftsmen, and associates at, 3, 205, 231, 251, 369, 371, 444, 474, 476, 576, 577, 689, 736; branch offices, need for, 3, 540, 576; collaborative nature of, 4, 624, 737; growth of, 3–4, 203; history of partnerships in, 3; organization of, 4, 337–38, 634, 685; procedures for working with clients, 4, 147, 370, 633–37, 701, 705–6; projects in the South, FLO’s hopes for, 39–40, 755; strain on, after H. S. Codman’s death, 27, 597, 598, 604, 630; strain on, because of too many commissions, 3, 220, 226, 702
Ononto Park (Rochester, N.Y.). See Rochester, N.Y.: parks and parkways in: Highland Park
The Other Side of War; with the Army of the Potomac, 251
Paine, Robert Treat (1835–1910), 88, 89, 90
Palisades, preservation of, 186, 814–15
Palmer, Bertha Honoré, 608
[1059]
Paradise Lost, 625, 1002, 1012
Paris, France. See France
Park, Elizabeth, 947
Parks. See Back Bay Fens; Brandywine Park; Boston, Mass.; Brooklyn: parks and public space in; Buffalo, N.Y.; Central Park; Charlesbank; England: individual parks; France: individual parks; Franklin Field; Franklin Park; Jackson Park; Louisville, Ky.; Midway Plaisance; Milwaukee, Wis.; Muddy River Sanitary Improvement; Olmsted, Frederick Law: landscape design projects—parks, parkways, and park systems; Prospect Park; Riverside Park; Rochester, N.Y.; South Park; Trenton, N.J.; Washington Park
Parkways, 30, 128, 155; in Boston and Brookline, Mass., 31, 33, 35, 251, 545, 553–54, 556, 580, 582, 601, 702, 702, 703, 708, 737, 821, 822, 892, 939, 942, 1008, 1016; in Bronx, N.Y., 128; in Brooklyn, N.Y., 40–41, 103, 123, 128, 129, 581, 598, 601, 750, 814, 994–95, 1011; in Buffalo, N.Y., 36; in Hartford, Conn., 947; in Kansas City, Mo., 720; for Kirkwood Land Company, 600; in Louisville, Ky., 343; in Rochester, N.Y., 37; in Trenton, N.J., 103; in Wilmington, Del., 127, 637–38, 641
Parmentier, Andre, 981
Parsons, Samuel, Jr., 4, 315, 544, 618, 701, 706, 881, 953
Paxton, Joseph, 197, 564–65, 566
Peabody, Robert, 286, 287, 349, 614, 619, 682, 718, 786, 798, 911
Peabody & Stearns, 47, 48, 599, 614, 619, 682, 785
Pearce, J. Irving, 197
Pease, Lewis Morris, 467, 468, 469, 470
Perkins, Edward Newton, 822
Perkins, Frank, 804, 808, 811–12
Perkins, Hannah Davis, 506, 507, 509, 532, 543, 564, 812, 942, 943
Perkins, Henry Cleveland, 303, 506, 507, 509, 522, 532, 543, 554, 557, 560, 561, 564, 812, 942, 943
Petrarch, 1005
Pettigrew, John A., 753
Piazzale Michelangelo, 478, 479
Pinchot, Gifford (1865–1946), 14, 15, 42, 341–42, 395, 411, 580, 581, 583, 613, 618, 742, 801, 830, 841, 851, 855, 873, 878, 918, 926; and Biltmore Arboretum, 693, 727, 731, 733, 801, 803, 841, 928, 958, 988–89; and Biltmore Forest, 14–15, 335, 341–42, 426–28, 580, 581, 803, 841; criticism of Biltmore Arboretum plan, 14, 926–27, 929, 956, 958; and New York City Department of Public Parks, 889–90, 891; Olmsted’s recommendation for hiring of, 14–15, 342, 426–27; relations of, with FLO, 14–15, 342
Pinchot, James Wallace, 342, 613, 618, 790, 792
Pitcher, James Robertson (1845–1921), 87, 91, 208
Pitkin, Content, 651, 653, 689
Pitkin, William, 651, 653, 685, 689
Platt, Charles Adams, 473, 474, 476, 479, 776, 778
Platt, Mary Elizabeth Cheney, 474
Platt, William Barnes (1868–1892), 166, 168, 231, 251, 411, 473, 474, 476, 478, 479
Pope, Albert A., 947–48
Post, George B., 20, 287, 289, 349, 615, 616, 619, 620, 682, 718, 908, 911
Pretyman, William, 530, 532, 572
Price, Uvedale, 248, 252, 625, 646, 654, 656, 974, 981, 1005, 1011, 1014
Prospect Park (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 6, 40–42, 112, 127, 128, 129, 253, 332, 481, 748, 755, 758, 787, 814; changes to design in, 41, 748, 750, 756, 757, 758–59, 813, 919, 929–30; condition of trees and shrubs in, 40, 333, 334; court case involving sale of “Eastside Lands” of, 462; Eastside lands of, 750; FLO, relations of, with Frank Squier, 41–42, 748, 749, 755, 814, 816, 911, 929–30, 931; Maryland Monument in, 931; Olmsted and Vaux plan for, 42, 128, 129, 339, 540, 815–16, 930; Olmsted firm as landscape architect advisory to (1894+), 41, 723, 748, 755, 756, 757, 758, 813–14, 910–11, 929, 930; park commission of, 817; relationship of, to Parade Ground, 480, 485, 487; shrubs in, 965; statues
[1060]and monuments in, 41–42, 816–17, 865, 897, 898, 909, 931; tree moving machine, 751, 754; Rudolph Ulrich as superintendent of, 332, 757, 758; Stanford White as architectural consultant to, 757, 759, 813, 816, 909, 931
——architectural structures in, 931; Stanford White additions to, 41–42, 749–50, 751, 757, 758–59, 813, 815–16, 906, 909, 930
——areas in: Children’s Playground, 41, 814, 816, 929, 930; Concert Grove, 813, 816, 898, 930; Concourse for Pedestrians, 816; Entrance (Grand Army) Plaza, 41, 814, 816–17, 930; Music Island, 41, 814, 816; Parade Ground, 128, 480–81, 485, 487, 489, 538; Rose Garden, 41, 816, 929, 930; “Vale of Cashmere,” 930, 931
——plantations in: 333–34; condition of, 40, 128, 813, 814, 965; Charles Sprague Sargent report on, 40
Pullen, Clarence E. (1850?–1902), 169, 198, 199, 232, 234, 235, 236, 276, 287, 289
Putnam’s Monthly Magazine, 253, 371, 647, 694, 696, 910, 981
Radford, George Kent, 540, 543–44, 909
Rand, Arnold Augustus (1837–1917), 264, 275, 276
Rantoul, Augustus Neal, 590
Raymond, Henry Jarvis, 470, 905, 910
Rayner, Henry, 25, 262, 503, 533, 534, 537, 538, 539, 543, 560, 561, 564, 566, 579, 656, 687, 689, 812, 853, 942, 943, 955, 959, 960, 961, 963, 964
Rayner, Rosa Field, 25, 262, 534, 539, 543, 564, 961
Reid, Whitelaw, 48, 534, 535, 538, 542, 545, 579, 581
Remarks on Forest Scenery, 248, 252, 656, 666, 680
Report on the Operations of the Sanitary Commission During and After the Battles at Gettysburg, 278
Report on the Social Statistics of Cities, 127, 295, 298
Reports on the Operations of the Inspectors and Relief Agents of the Sanitary Commission after the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, 278
Repton, Humphry, 804, 808, 974, 981, 1005, 1014
Richardson, Henry Hobson (1838–1886), 73, 89, 117, 118, 133, 200, 277, 297, 382–87, 474, 578, 579, 590, 618, 694, 710, 716, 758, 840
Richardson, William Cummings, 390, 744, 747
“Rise of the Suburbs” (Contemporary Review), 422, 424
Riverside (Ill.), 130, 136, 211, 423–24, 567, 852
Riverside Park (New York, N.Y.), 161, 193, 199, 201, 262, 629, 640, 669, 681; Leopold Eidlitz proposal for, 199–201; 1894 discussion of revisions to FLO and Vaux plan, 758, 759, 910
Roberts, Charles A., 236, 237, 239, 806, 809
Robinson, William (1838–1935), 475, 477, 503, 542, 545, 554, 557, 558, 564, 565, 578, 579, 709, 710, 716, 717, 957, 958, 959, 960–61, 964
Rochester, N.Y., 37–38; Board of Park Commissioners, 93, 95, 105, 215, 216–18
——parks and parkways in, 121, 123, 598, 601, 705; Genesee Valley Park, 37, 212, 217, 219, 601; —proposed alteration to FLO plan for, 37; Highland Park, 37–38, 104, 106, 212–13, 226, 227, 364–67, 601; —administrative structure in, 104; —pavilion in, 37, 105–6, 105, 108–9, 110, 111, 213; —shrub arboretum in, 37–38, 110, 364–67, 365; Seneca Park, 37, 212, 226, 227, 601; smaller parks and squares in, 37, 601
Rockefeller, William, 48, 119, 148, 153, 220, 261, 581, 706, 785, 786
Root, John Wellborn, 20, 65, 175, 176, 194, 197, 208, 211, 212, 234, 235, 286, 414, 621, 670, 671, 680, 682, 683, 712, 714, 717, 718
[1061]
Ropes, Ellen Gellibrand, 293
Rosecrans, William Starke, 268, 277
Rotch and Tilden, 225, 387, 390, 582
Rural Essays, 981
Ruskin, John, 247, 252, 869, 871, 985, 1001–2, 1003, 1005, 1006, 1015
Russell, Henry G., 110, 112, 114, 133, 169, 209, 210
Russell, Hope Brown Ives, 114, 133
Russell, William Eustis, 690
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 77, 347, 349, 510, 515, 682–83, 908
San Diego (Ca.), park in, 398–99
Sanitary Memoirs of the War of the Rebellion, 276
Sanzio, Raphael, 1014
Sargent, Charles Sprague (1841–1927), 13, 27, 46, 68, 79–80, 113, 284, 307, 382, 386, 474–75, 476, 609, 610, 611, 615, 616, 694, 696, 702, 808, 848, 849, 850, 852, 873, 907, 917, 959, 961; advice on planting at World’s Columbian Exposition, 27, 609, 610, 611, 617; as Brookline park commissioner, 79–80, 708; as conductor of Garden and Forest, 206, 309, 334, 335, 386, 445; as consultant for Biltmore Arboretum, 13, 144, 727, 733–34, 735, 736, 800, 802, 846, 899–900, 917, 923, 925, 927–28, 929, 956, 958, 959, 960; criticizes use of non-native plants in landscape architecture, 79–80, 556, 580, 582; as director of Arnold Arboretum, 13, 68, 206, 231, 736, 802, 958, 988; disagreement regarding planting of Brookline side of Muddy River, 79–80, 556, 580, 582; FLO’s opinion of, 385; opposition to FLO plan for pleasure road in Jamaica Park, 849, 850, 852; plant collecting trip to Japan, 444, 538, 558, 560; report on plantations of Prospect Park, 40, 334, 758
Sargent, Henry Winthrop, 976, 980, 982
Sargent, John Singer, 73, 83, 917, 918, 921
Sargent, Mary Allen Robeson, 475, 476, 917, 918
Savage, John E., 354, 355, 358
Schenck, Carl Alwin, 15, 918, 958
Sclater, Philip Lutley, 285, 957, 958
Scott, Isaac Elwood, 840
Scott, Walter, 624, 625, 666, 680, 1003, 1013, 1014
Sedding, John D., 554, 557, 558
Sessions, Kate Olivia (1857–1940), 335, 398, 399
Shakespeare, William, 458, 463, 562, 982, 985, 1005, 1007, 1015
Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate, 166, 168, 202, 205
Sharon, Frederick W., 294
Shenstone, William, 646, 1003, 1013
Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, 48, 110, 133, 205, 294, 488, 601
Sherley, Thomas H. (1843–1898), 335, 374, 381, 415, 787, 830, 832
Silliman, Benjamin, 247, 252, 469, 665
Sloane, William M., 601, 619, 706
Smith, Andrew A., 334
Smith, Richard Sharp, 228, 305, 307, 704, 792, 918
South Park (Chicago, Ill.), 17–19, 173, 197, 212, 329, 339, 349, 440, 477, 575, 621, 681, 699, 701, 710, 717, 723; as boating park, 43, 774; as great metropolitan park of Chicago, FLO on, 43, 773, 778–81; Olmsted & Vaux 1871 plan for, 17, 43, 329, 349, 608, 681, 717, 769, 772, 774; OO&E appointed landscape architects advisory, 43; park commission of, 166, 171, 174, 178, 250, 780–81; redesign of, after World’s Columbian Exposition, 43–46, 575–76, 701, 705, 778–81, 802. See also Jackson Park; Midway Plaisance; Washington Park
Sprague, Charles F. (1857–1902), 817, 821
Squier, Edith Estelle, 750
Squier, Florence, 750
Squier, Frank (1840–1908), 41, 42, 748–50, 755, 756, 826, 911, 929; differences with FLO over Prospect Park, 41, 749, 755, 757, 758–59, 816, 898, 911, 919, 929–31; differences with FLO over Ridgewood Park, 828; hires OO&E as
[1062]landscape architects advisory, 41, 748–50, 755, 757, 758, 792, 911; hires Stanford White as park architect, 749, 750, 751, 757, 759, 816, 906, 909, 930
Stanford, Amasa Leland (1824–1893), 47, 70, 151, 153, 161, 164, 227, 240–41, 331, 408–9, 488
Stanford, Jane Lathrop, 408, 409
Stanford University (Leland Stanford Junior University), 1, 47, 70, 87, 151, 164, 227, 240, 241, 331, 409, 488, 806; difficulties with, over superintendence and construction, 47, 118, 144–45, 149–51, 161–64, 240, 409; end of firm’s work for, 42, 154, 164–65, 251, 568, 570, 806, 809; opening of, 240, 408, 409; use of arcade in design of, 591
Statuary and monuments, 894, 895, 896, 897, 898; Henry Ward Beecher statue (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 897–98; Castle of St. Angelo (Rome, Italy), 108, 110–11; Central Park (N.Y.C.), monumental gates, 42, 73, 74, 81, 917, 918; The City of Paris (Paris, France), 510, 511, 515; Columbian Fountain (Chicago, Ill.), 349, 510, 512, 515, 517, 530, 532, 611, 617; Christopher Columbus statue (N.Y.C.), 832; Henry D. Cogswell statue (Boston, Mass.), 832; Charles Devens, Jr., statue (Boston, Mass.), 894, 895, 896, 898; Diana (Biltmore Estate), 9; Duke of Wellington statue (London, England), 831, 832; Ralph Waldo Emerson tablet (Boston, Mass.), 31–32; David Glasgow Farragut statue (N.Y.C.), 89, 897; Horse Tamers (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 909; FLO’s opinion on placement in parks and public spaces, 39, 41, 624, 755, 830–32, 894–97, 897–98, 931; Marquis de Lafayette statue (N.Y.C.), 894, 897; Abraham Lincoln statue (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 817, 898, 930; Maryland Monument (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 909, 931; memorial cairn (North Easton, Mass.), 115–16, 117–18, 529; Francis Parkman Memorial (Boston, Mass.), 821, 823; regulations for monuments in Central Park (N.Y.C.), 831, 832, 894; The Republic (Chicago, Ill.), 615, 619; William Henry Seward statue (N.Y.C.), 894, 897; Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Memorial Arch (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 817; James S. T. Stranahan statue (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 909; George Washington statue (N.Y.C.), 832
Stearns, John Goddard, Jr., 619
Stebbins, Henry G., 866
Stevens Institute of Technology (Hoboken, N.J.), 370, 371
Stevens, Robert R. (1855–1931), 584, 589, 590, 591, 705
Stewart, William Morris, 444, 445, 446, 447
Stiles, William A. (1837–1897), 29, 203, 206, 315, 449, 573–75, 618, 623, 709, 715, 772, 787, 813, 843, 845, 855, 905, 908, 911; as editor of Garden and Forest, 206, 316, 449, 573–75, 709–18, 815, 843–45, 908; FLO’s opinion of his writings, 203; rally against Speedway in Central Park, 496–97; support of Calvert Vaux, 544, 843–44
Stillé, Charles J., 198, 199, 265, 270, 272, 276
Stokes, Anson Phelps, 665
Stokes, W. E. D., 264
Storrow, Charles, 133
Stranahan, James S. T., 40, 41, 759, 816, 909
Strauch, Adolph, 407–8
Sturgis, Edward, 662, 663, 736
Sullivan, Louis, 287, 349, 620, 682, 718
Sweeny, Peter B., 199, 200–201, 263, 544
Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees, and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesty’s Dominions, 1006, 1014
Taylor, J. H., 277
Thames River. See England: Thames River
Thomas, Theodore, 412, 414–15, 619
Thompson, Robert, 640
Thompson, William A. (1845–1933), 5–6, 13, 16, 82, 112, 114, 137, 138, 154, 226, 227, 228, 229, 394, 396, 450, 472, 690, 691, 693, 773, 791, 873, 878, 879
Three Years in the Sanitary Commission, with Service in the Field, West, East and South, and Attendance for Nine Months upon Gen. Grant, 278
[1063]
Tiers, Ridgway (d. 1892), 410, 500, 502
Tilden, George Thomas, 390
Trask, Charles Hooper, 246, 251, 290, 293
Trask, Martha Reed Ropes, 251, 293
Treatise on Forming, Improving, and Managing Country Residences, 991, 1011
A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America, 974–75, 980, 981
Trees: for parkways, 102, 103, 600; streetside trees, 500–502, 627, 629; thinning of plantations of, 139–43, 209, 283, 285, 307, 333, 334, 380, 731, 788, 795, 859–60, 891. See also Biltmore Estate: Arboretum and Index of Plant Materials
Trenton, N.J., 38, 122, 208; Cadwalader Estate, 102; Cadwalader Heights residential subdivision, 46–47, 103, 208; Cadwalader Park, 38, 101–3, 119, 127, 208, 227
The Twenty-third Annual Report of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, for the Year 1866, 279
Twombly, Florence Adele Vanderbilt, 213, 340
Twombly, Hamilton McKown (1849–1910), 43, 148, 153, 208, 211, 213, 221, 335, 336–38, 339, 340–41, 411, 442, 443, 444, 534, 535, 538, 545, 581, 706
Ulrich, Rudolph (1840–1906), 23, 24, 27, 330, 331–32, 335, 343, 344, 345, 350, 351, 410, 528, 568, 604, 697, 699; Henry Sargent Codman’s dissatisfaction with, as Superintendent of Landscape for the World’s Columbian Exposition, 23, 24, 27, 66, 331–32, 598, 604–8, 610, 612–13, 614–16, 758; FLO’s dissatisfaction with, as Superintendent of Landscape for the World’s Columbian Exposition, 27, 66, 605, 607, 612–13, 614, 616, 758; landscape designs in California, 331, 541, 545, 679, 684; relations of, with FLO, 332, 614; as Superintendent of Landscape for the World’s Columbian Exposition, 23, 24, 27, 66, 331–32, 343, 350–51, 391, 497–99, 525–26, 541, 571–72, 604–8, 610, 614–15, 616, 618, 679, 758; as Superintendent of Prospect Park (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 41, 757, 758, 816, 817, 930
Upham, Jabez Baxter (1820–1902), 854, 867–68
Upjohn, Richard, 629
U.S. Sanitary Commission, 198, 253, 264–79, 352, 815, 867–68. See also Olmsted, Frederick Law: service on commissions and organizations—U.S. Sanitary Commission
Vanderbilt, Frederick W., 339
Vanderbilt, George Washington (1862–1914), 1, 4–6, 49, 82, 110, 112, 114, 136, 148–49, 150, 154, 198, 211, 213, 220, 224, 225, 226, 291, 352, 395, 447, 472, 579, 580, 583, 602, 691–92, 693, 726, 735, 797–98, 857, 874, 877, 887, 902, 911, 917, 920, 922, 923, 928, 933, 939, 956, 957; abandonment of Biltmore Arboretum, 14, 342; admiration of Approach Road at Biltmore, 7–8, 219; and agricultural operations at Biltmore, 15, 221, 394, 803, 916; approval of Biltmore Arboretum, 733, 800; and Biltmore forestry operations, 14–15, 581; and Biltmore nursery, 15, 447–50; and Biltmore Village, 16, 74, 704, 725, 762–64, 791, 914–15, 916; biography of, 81–83; death of, 83; and Deer Park at Biltmore Estate, 304, 307; and espaliered fruit trees for Biltmore, 741–43; hiring of Gifford Pinchot, 342, 426–28; land purchases for Biltmore Estate, 5, 396, 581; and Point d’Acadie, 47, 81, 82, 106, 114, 153, 208, 214, 292, 294, 353–58, 951–52; relations of, with FLO, 16, 82–83, 292, 706, 789, 851; road and gate system for Biltmore Estate, 788, 789, 790; roads and walks for Biltmore Estate, 792, 799, 937–38; and scientific collections at Biltmore, 160; and Vanderbilt Mausoleum, 73, 81, 153, 208, 292, 294, 581, 812, 814. See also Biltmore Estate
Van Brunt, Henry (1832–1903), 236, 286, 294–97, 335, 346–49, 577, 682, 688, 718, 911
Van Buren, William H., 269, 276, 277
Van Doorn, Frank (1827–1913), 215–18
Van Rensselaer, Mariana Griswold (1851–1934), 2, 4, 30, 32, 203, 206, 567, 577, 579, 622, 623, 642, 650, 653, 694, 695; criticism of Alpheus Hyatt, 307–9;
[1064]friendship with FLO, 203, 206, 623, 625; praise for FLO, 30, 623, 625, 695, 696; on use of boulders in architecture, 32, 385–87, 695, 696–97; writings by, FLO on, 203, 206, 308, 623–25, 694, 695, 696–97
——writings of: “Architectural Fitness,” Garden and Forest (1891), 382–87, 696–97; Art Out-of-Doors: Hints on Good Taste in Gardening (1893), 623, 625, 696–97; “Dijon-II,” Garden and Forest (1891), 590–91; “Frederick Law Olmsted,” Century (1893), 30, 623, 625, 627, 646, 656, 694–97; Henry Hobson Richardson and His Works (1888), 387, 578, 579; “The True Function of City Parks,” Garden and Forest (1891), 308–9
Vaux, Calvert (1824–1895), 1, 9, 540, 598, 600, 644, 648, 694, 706, 723, 756, 808, 813, 907; and American Museum of Natural History, 601–2; differences with FLO over goals of landscape design, 953; difficulties with New York City park commissioners, 540, 544, 787, 843, 844, 866–67, 905, 908–9; and fences, 91; FLO’s defense of, 43, 200, 313, 598, 601–2, 694, 695, 843, 866, 867, 868, 878, 905, 907; FLO’s praise of, 643, 694, 813–14, 908–9; investigation of, by New York City Commissioners of Accounts, 540, 544; as landscape architect for N.Y.C. park department, 43, 201, 262, 316, 544–45, 787, 843, 844, 908–9, 953; opposition to Central Park gateways, 73, 918; Palisades, preservation of, 814–15; Speedway controversies, 1, 43, 261–62, 495–97, 540–41, 544, 814, 843, 844, 854, 866–68, 905, 908–9; Trinity Cemetery (N.Y.C.), 814, 817
——collaborations of, with FLO, 339, 624, 641, 643; Albany, N.Y., park, 54; Bloomingdale Asylum (N.Y.C.), 628, 951; Brooklyn, N.Y., parks and parkways, 40–41, 103, 127, 128–29, 339, 462, 485, 538, 723, 754, 759, 813, 814, 815–17, 903, 908–9, 910–11, 919, 929–30; Buffalo, N.Y., parks, 35–36, 339, 596; Central Park (N.Y.C.), 9, 73, 126, 127, 152, 200, 201, 263, 295, 313, 315, 316, 339, 500–501, 502, 557–58, 622, 624, 643, 647, 681, 694, 695–96, 848, 865–66, 909–10, 918, 953; Downing Park (Newburgh, N.Y.), 544, 639, 980; Fairmount Park (Philadelphia, Pa.), 127; Morningside Park (N.Y.C.), 500, 502, 629, 681; Newark, N.J., park, 38, 130; New York, N.Y., streets, 152–53, 477; New York State Hospital for the Insane (Poughkeepsie, N.Y.), 951; Retreat for the Insane (Hartford, Conn.), 339, 951; Riverside (Ill.), 251; Riverside Park (N.Y.C.), 262, 629, 681, 758, 759; Seaside Park (Bridgeport, Conn.), 243, 253; South Park (Chicago, Ill.), 17, 18, 19, 43, 173, 192, 212, 329, 339, 349, 440, 608, 669, 681, 699, 711–12, 717, 738, 772
Vaux, Mary McEntee, 544
Veragua, Duke of, 619
Village improvement societies, 424
Vilmorin, Maurice L. de, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 608, 611, 615, 617, 743
Wahl, Christian, 722, 751, 752, 753
Walker, Charles Howard, 175, 176, 387, 389
Walker, Francis Amasa (1840–1897), 164, 411, 487, 488, 489, 854, 894–97
Walpole, Horatio (Horace), 776, 778, 1000, 1001, 1003, 1012, 1013
Walpole, Robert, 689
Warder, Rudolph Haines, 737, 738
Wardner, Torrey E., 155
Ware, William R. (1832–1915), 612, 618, 623, 626, 628–29
Waring, George Edwin, Jr. (Col.) (1833–1898), 112, 127, 137, 138, 139, 854, 887; collaboration of, with FLO, 138, 151, 850, 852, 855, 887–88; as Commissioner of Street Cleaning, 855, 888, 889; and opposition to plan for Charles River dam, 850, 852–53; relations of, with FLO, 138, 887–89; Social Statistics of Cities (1880), 295, 298
Washington, D.C., 76; American University in, 47, 599, 602, 788, 833–36, 916, 921; Catholic University in, 921; Chevy Chase Land Company, 2, 46, 410, 419–23, 425–26, 446, 447; Rock Creek
[1065]Park in, 77, 186, 193, 226, 228, 283, 284, 285, 464; Senate Park Commission (McMillan Commission) Plan of 1901–2, 46, 77, 228, 447; Smithsonian National Zoological Park in, 2, 46, 226, 227, 236, 279–85, 423, 916, 921; streets, extension of, 2, 46, 423, 425, 426, 445–46, 447, 916, 921; United States Capitol Grounds in, 2, 46, 79, 193, 251–52, 253, 284, 446, 514, 545, 557, 640, 658, 748, 833–34, 835
Washington Park (Chicago, Ill.), 17–18, 129, 192, 607, 608, 680, 681, 717, 738, 769; Mere in, 19, 43, 329, 765, 770, 771, 772, 774; Olmsted and Vaux plan for (1871), 17, 18, 19, 43, 173, 329, 669, 670, 681; proposed as site for World’s Columbian Exposition, 18, 20, 174, 176, 184–85, 192, 212, 668
Waterer, Anthony, Sr., 222, 225, 513, 515, 530, 533, 534, 535, 555, 563, 564, 612, 618
Waterhouse, Alfred, 538, 539, 543, 578, 579, 710, 717
Weidenmann, Anna Schwager, 600–601
Weidenmann, Jacob (1829–1893), 1, 4, 408, 568, 589, 597, 600–601, 700, 706, 804, 808; collaboration of, with FLO, 153, 339–40, 600–601; death of, 568, 597, 600
Welch, Thomas Vincent, 740, 741
Wells, Kate Gannett, 343–44
Welton, Joseph, 647
Wheelwright, Edmund March (1854–1912), 338, 358, 390, 440, 525, 528, 582, 722, 744, 747, 775, 898, 902
White City, 606. See also World’s Columbian Exposition
White, Jonathan, 557
White, Joseph, 557
White, Peter Quintard (1830–1908), 410, 417, 418–19
White, Richard Grant, 758
White, Stanford (1853–1906), 41, 340, 442, 444, 750, 751, 757, 758–59, 786, 813, 816, 906, 908, 909, 911, 930, 931
Whitehouse, F. M., 287, 349, 682, 718
Whitney, Elizabeth Baldwin (1824–1912), 236, 244, 249–50, 252, 290, 291, 293
Whitney, William Dwight, 250, 997, 1011
Whittier, John Greenleaf, 646, 649
The Wild Garden, 545
Wilkinson, Fanny Rollo, 242, 244, 249, 253, 534, 535, 557, 812
Wilson, John Moulder (1837–1919), 87, 156, 157–58, 167
Windrim, James H., 747
Wisedell, Thomas, 816
Woolsey, Georgeanna Muir, 248, 253
World’s Columbian Exposition (Chicago, Ill., 1893), 17–30, 165–67, 175, 226, 228, 232–34, 598, 601, 907, 911; Advisory Board of Architects, 21, 671, 674, 682, 683, 713, 718, 911; bridges, 25, 300, 671, 713; Chicago Board of Directors of, 20, 175, 195, 197, 211, 212, 213, 234, 250, 287, 289, 294, 301, 303, 505, 572, 667, 668, 678, 680, 681, 697, 699, 711, 717, 781; collaborative spirit of designers of, 21, 578, 677–78, 698, 700, 712, 714, 715; condition of grounds after opening, 616, 658–61; condition of grounds prior to opening day, 609, 610, 612, 614; criticism of FLO&Co. plan of, Barr Ferree, 715–16; Dedication Day, 26, 570, 571, 572, 576, 577, 579; FLO concern over buildings as too grandiose, 25, 511; FLO&Co appointed landscape architects for, 20, 194–95, 197, 208, 620, 667, 680, 714, 718; FLO&Co role in planning of, 578, 665–67; FLO’s design of, praise for, 29–30, 66–67, 74, 476, 619, 682, 718; greenhouses and nurseries, 23; intramural railroad, 348, 351, 434, 662, 663, 674; Jackson Park site, 19, 170–73, 177–78, 184–86, 195, 196, 211, 212, 234, 250, 346, 668–71, 680, 710, 711, 717, 771, 779; Lake Michigan, importance of, 18–19, 173, 182, 192, 288, 289, 346–47, 667, 682–83; landing pier, 674; landscape effect of, 397, 504–5, 578, 607; maintenance of grounds of, FLO on, 26, 504, 508, 616, 658–60; Midway Plaisance, 20, 184, 288, 516, 663, 675, 681, 771; movable sidewalk,
[1066]
434, 441, 662; National Commission, 20, 211, 212, 213, 234, 250, 287, 289, 294, 668, 681, 699, 711, 717; nautical attractions at, 25, 312, 491–95; organization of the work at, 24, 342–43; planting of grounds of, 526, 527, 528, 530, 541, 606–8, 613, 615, 678–79 (see also World’s Columbian Exposition: landscape features of—Lagoon); plots for state buildings, 413–14; sliding railroad, 434, 441, 662; temporary nature of, 573, 574, 711; visitor attendance and behavior, 28, 659–60; waterfowl on Lagoon, 610, 611, 617, 621, 671; wheelchair service, 434, 441, 662, 674
——boating service, 34, 300–302, 312, 432–40, 464–66, 480, 490–93, 494, 621, 772, 775; electric launches, 25, 300–302, 303, 349, 490–91, 490, 493, 509, 546, 610, 611, 612, 615, 619, 621, 662, 712, 713, 903; as important to the success of the exposition, 29, 671, 714, 769, 772; other types of boats, 301–2, 491–93; popularity of, 29, 713–14; scenic effects of, 25; Venetian gondolas in, 25, 29, 302, 303, 349, 491, 492, 492, 494, 612, 615, 662, 903
——boats, ornamental, for display on Lagoon, 25, 302–3, 304, 435, 491–93, 494–95; Columbus’s caravels, 25, 302, 304, 493, 494
——buildings: Administration, 20, 22, 532, 674, 683, 712, 717; Agriculture, 20, 619; Arch of the Peristyle, 20, 515, 674, 683; concessions structures, 607, 608, 675, 718; Electricity, 297, 343, 349; Fisheries, 393, 663, 786; Ho-o-den Temple, 28, 495, 515, 675, 677, 684; Horticulture, 24, 393, 676, 676; hospital, 661, 663; Illinois, 393, 550, 555; Manufactures and Liberal Arts, 20, 516, 517, 619, 620; Mines and Mining, 492; Music Hall, 28, 412, 414, 619, 681; New England Clam Bake, 663; Palace of Fine Arts, 573, 575, 663, 681, 781; Service Building, 599, 617, 663; state and national buildings, 508, 608, 617; train station, 28, 683, 712, 717–18; Transportation, 393, 616, 620; Women’s Building, 393, 527, 529, 552, 555, 607, 608
——FLO&Co plan for, 21, 172, 232–34, 232, 233, 244, 250, 286, 287, 288, 297, 310, 311, 323, 346, 347, 349, 504, 620, 672–73, 678, 717–18, 907; praise for, 29–30
——FLO’s criticism of, 27–28, 66, 656–60; condition of terraces, 658; condition of walks, 28, 658; condition of water closets, 28, 660; cost of food at, 27, 657; need for better maintenance, 27–28, 616, 658–59; need for better signage, 28, 660; need for colorful awnings, 28, 616, 620, 659; need for incidents of human vitality, 28, 659–60; number and placement of concession kiosks, 28–29, 675, 715; steamboats, screeching of, 28, 659
——landscape features of: basins, 20, 574; canals, 322, 329, 347, 574, 671, 712; Court of Honor, 20, 21, 22, 28, 322, 347, 532, 541, 612, 613, 671, 674, 683, 712, 717; Lagoon, 19, 20, 21–24, 26, 250, 311, 322–30, 347, 393, 397–98, 670, 671, 677, 677, 683–84; —difficulties of planting shoreline, 23–24, 325–26, 348, 351, 443, 475, 495, 536, 678, 780; —dredging of, 20, 536, 538, 541, 670, 677, 711, 713; —landscape effect of, 24, 322, 324, 324, 325, 330–31, 549–50, 607, 712–13; —planting of shores of, 23–24, 26, 322–26, 328–29, 324, 330, 391–93, 412, 475, 530, 536, 541, 549–51, 605–6, 608, 657, 671, 678–79; natural scenery, 322, 605; terraces, 19–20, 26, 322, 326, 329, 330, 347, 393, 435, 475, 504–5, 518, 520, 670, 675, 712; Wooded Island, 19–20, 21–24, 174, 250, 322–30, 323, 393, 435, 475, 504–5, 512, 513, 515, 572, 671, 675, 676, 677, 683–84, 711; —horticultural displays on, 28, 684; —importance of, to overall design, 23, 683–84; —planting of, 23–24, 322–30, 513, 515
——opening day, 615, 617; condition of landscape on, 27
——other sites considered, 18, 186–90, 667, 680, 681; Douglas Park, 18, 194, 212, 680; Garfield Park, 18, 186–87, 192, 195, 196, 197, 211, 212, 680; Humboldt Park, 193, 680; Lake Front Park, 18, 20, 175, 176, 178, 191, 196, 197, 211, 212, 234, 621, 680, 681; North
[1067]
Shore site, 18–19, 173, 176, 187–90, 188, 189, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 212, 621, 667–68, 681, 710, 717; Northwest site, 18, 187, 193, 197, 212; Washington Park, 18, 184–85, 212, 668, 680, 681
——planning principles for, FLO on, 180–81, 397, 475, 711–13
——sculpture: Columbian Fountain (Frederick MacMonnies), 349, 510, 512, 515, 516, 517, 530, 532, 611, 617; The Republic (Daniel Chester French), 22, 615, 619