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INDEX OF PLANT MATERIALS
Entries are presented in alphabetical order in the form that Olmsted wrote them. If Olmsted used a common or old Latin name, then the current Latin name is usually given in brackets (the editors have been unable to identify some with certainty and are grateful to Bill Alexander, Landscape and Forest Historian, The Biltmore Estate, for his assistance with nomenclature). Hybrids are denoted with an (×). Cultivars are enclosed in single quotation marks.
Abele [Populus alba], 549
Abelia, 448
Abelia rupestris [A. chinensis], 795, 934
Acer, striped-leaf or Acer striatum [Acer pensylvanicum], 794, 995
Adlumia, 505
Adlumia cirhosa [A. cirrhosa or A. fungosa], 534, 535
Agave, 98
Ailanthus (or Alanthus), 222, 392
Alder [Alnus], 392, 549, 619, 809, 886
Alder, European [Alnus glutinosa], 327
Algae, 177
Alisma plantago-aquatica, 328
Ampelopsis, 795
Andromeda, 115, 118, 210, 320, 448
Anemone, 1006
Angelica, 141
Appendiculatum [Hydrophyllum appendiculatum], 329
Aquatic plants (bog plants, water plants), 9, 12, 23, 24, 322, 325–28, 348, 350, 392, 395, 412, 416, 448, 475, 513, 530, 548–51, 559, 607, 668, 671, 678–79, 704, 993
Aralia manchurica [A. elata var. mandshurica], 392
Aralia sieboldii [Fatsia japonica], 527
Ash [Fraxinus], 886
Ash, American mountain [Sorbus americana], 327
Aspidium thelypteris [Thelypteris palustris], 329
Aster laevis, 329
Aster linariifolius [A. linearifolius], 329
Atropa belladonna, 551
Aucuba, 448
Auricula [Primula auricula], 1006
[1032]
Avens, water [Geum rivale], 328
Bacharis halimafolia [Baccharis halimifoha], 326, 397, 398
Bamboo [Bambusa], 304, 320, 351, 392, 448, 494, 513, 530, 795, 797
Basswood or Bass [Tilia], 141, 392
Basswood or Bass, White [Tilia heterophylla], 141
Bay, sweet [Magnolia virginiana], 141
Beans [Phaseolus], 549
Beech [Fagus], 141, 528, 556, 562
Beech, purple [Fagus sylvatica], 899
Betula, cut-leaved [Betula pendula ‘Dalecarlica’], 995
Bignonia, 320
Bignonia capreolata, 222, 225, 226, 229, 881
Birch [Betula], 141, 302, 355, 491, 809, 886
Birch, white [Betula papyrifera], 530
Black gum [Nyssa sylvatica], 141
Black jack [Bidens pilosa or Quercus marilandia], 794
Blackberry [Rubus fruticosus], 839
Blueberry [Vaccinium corymbosum], 794
Blue Eyed Grass [Sisyrinchium], 328
Bohemian Olive [Elæagnus angustifolia], 794
Box elder [Acer negundo], 326
Brambles [Rubus], 24, 505, 527, 530, 549, 550, 611, 619, 794
Brasonia peltata [B. schreberi], 329
Bulrush [Juncus or Typha or Scirpus], 320, 321, 326, 327, 328, 329, 530
Burdock [Arctium], 536
Bushes, 115, 116, 285, 320, 322, 333, 348, 350, 401–6, 414, 447, 448, 549, 593, 671, 732, 746, 760, 793–96, 839, 965, 987–88, 1002, 1003
Butomus umbellatus, 551
Buttonwood [Platanus occidentalis], 886
Cacti, 98
Calamus [Acorus calamus], 328, 551
Calla palustris, 328
Caltha palustris, 328
Campanula glomerata, 551
Cane [Arundinaria], 318, 319, 320, 392, 412, 448, 530, 795
Cardamine amara, 551
Carrot, wild [Daucus carota], 549
Cassia marilandica, 328
Catalpa speciosa, 326
Catbrier (Catbriar) [Smilax], 505, 881
Cat-tails [Typha], 326, 327, 513, 679, 886
Cedar, 785
Cedar, red [Juniperus virginiana], 317, 793, 796
Celtis, 886
Cephalanthus, 392
Cephalanthus occidentalis, 327
Cherries, 142
Chestnut [Castanea vesca/sativa and dentata], 141
Chiananthus [Chionanthus], 794
Chinquipins [Chinquapin], 794
Christ’s Thorn [Paliurus spina-christi], 794
Cladastria [Cladrastis], 141, 794
Clethra alnifolia, 327
Climbers (or climbing plants). See Vines
Clover [Trifolium], 549
Columbine [Aquilegia], 320
Convolvulus, 549
Corex [Carex], 328
Cornel [Cornus officinalis], 327
Cornus alternifolia, 392
Cornus sanguinea, 795
Cotoneaster, 387
Cotoneaster congestifolia [C. congestus], 882
Cottonwood [Populus], 392, 809
Creeper, 98, 118, 131, 133, 225, 384, 402, 404, 406, 407, 513, 534, 549, 550, 607, 732, 733, 795, 839, 881, 884, 933, 934, 987
Creeper, Trumpet [Campsis radicans], 795, 881, 885
Creeper, Virginia [Parthenocissus quinquefolia], 320, 881
Cucumber tree [Magnolia acuminata], 141
Currant, Missouri [Ribes missouriense], 884
Currant, wild [Ribes], 839
]
Daisy [Bellis perennis or Chrysanthemum leucanthemum], 549
Deciduous trees, 9, 142, 212, 291, 320, 541, 885, 1009
Dogwood [Cornus florida], 141
Elder [Sambucus], 326, 549, 884
Elm [Ulmus], 502, 553, 591, 629, 647, 651, 655
Erigeron philadelphicus, 329
Eryngius yuccafolium [Eryngium yuccifolium], 328
Escholtzia, California [Eschscholzia californica], 513
Espaliers (Espaliered fruits), 12, 443, 523, 568, 603, 604, 722, 744
Eucalyptus globulus, 523
Eulalia [Miscanthus], 327, 392
Eulalia japonica [Miscanthus japonica], 328
Euonymus, 115, 116, 320, 387, 794, 935
Euonymus japonicus [Euonymus japonica], 523
Euonymus nana, 320
Euonymus radicans, 320
Euonymous radicans vera [E. radicans variegatus or E. fortunei var. vegeta], 750
Evergreens, 9, 117, 212, 317, 318, 319, 320, 396, 448, 449, 552, 934, 935
Evergreen canes, 318, 319, 320
Evergreen shrubs, 9, 210, 398, 588
Evergreen vines, 222, 225, 229, 588, 751, 881
Evergreens, broad-leaved, 210, 317, 318, 885, 886
Evergreens, smooth-leaved, 934
Fern [Polypodium], 24, 26, 116, 133, 177, 320, 321, 326, 327, 329, 526, 530, 551–52, 679, 839, 882, 992
Fern, sweet [Comptonia peregrina], 839
Flag (or Iris) [Acorus], 26, 320, 321, 326, 327, 328, 330, 350, 548, 552, 679, 886
Flag, sweet [Acorus calamus], 321
Flower beds (bedding plants), 17, 21, 48, 327, 527, 536, 538, 541, 575, 578, 587, 588, 704, 738, 864, 996, 1000, 1001
Flowering plants, 17, 121, 159, 177, 224, 321, 326, 327, 513, 535, 538, 549, 552, 738, 896, 979
Flowering plants, perennials, 121
Flowering plants, spring bulbs, 121
Flowering rush [Butomus umbellatus], 536
Flowers, 12, 48, 92, 177, 181, 257, 259, 324–27, 365, 368, 391, 479, 494, 591, 606, 624, 653–54, 666, 704, 731, 742, 953, 983, 987, 990, 993, 998, 1000, 1001, 1004, 1006
Fringe tree [Chionanthus virginica], 141
Fritillaria meleagris, 551
Fruit tree, 568, 602, 603, 617, 742, 970, 980, 981
Fungus, 177
Funkia (Hosta or plantain lily), 327
Galax, 320
Germanica [Iris × germanica], 327, 328
Geranium pretense [G. pratense], 551
Geum rivale, 328
Ginkgoes or Ginkgo, 995
Golden yew [Taxus baccata ‘Aurea’], 541
Goldenrod (or Golden Rod or Goldenrod) [Solidago], 320, 328, 395
Gooseberry [Ribes uva-crispa or R. missouriense], 839
Grape or Grapevines [Vitis], 119, 141, 402, 551, 795, 881, 885, 933, 936
Grass [Gramineae or Poaceae], 9, 24, 36, 138, 159, 328, 353, 392, 402, 416, 489, 513, 517, 772, 786, 839, 914, 993
Grass, Kentucky blue [Poa pratensis], 413, 458
Grass, Pampas [Cortaderia], 527, 530
Grass, water [Echinochloa crus-galli](?), 328, 549
Gum, black [Nyssa sylvatica], 141
Gum, Sweet [Liquidambar styraciflua], 141
Gunnera scabra [G. chilensis], 530
Halesia tetraptera [H. carolina], 141
Haws. See Hawthorn
Hawthorn [Crataegus] (also Thorn), 141, 523, 527, 550, 552
Hazel [Corylus], 794
Hemerocallis flava [H. lilioasphodelus], 327, 328
Hemerocallis fulva, 328
Hemlock [Tsuga], 317, 318, 448, 882, 1009
[1034]
Hemlock, Carolina [Tsuga caroliniana], 448, 882
Hemlock, Northern [Tsuga canadensis], 882
Heracleum, 549
Herbaceous plants, 12, 23, 24, 320, 321, 322, 448, 549, 668, 679
Hickory [Carya], 886
Holly [Ilex], 141, 448, 794, 882, 884
Holly, American [Ilex opaca], 882
Honeysuckle [Lonicera], 115, 116, 118, 320, 387
Honeysuckle, evergreen [Lonicera splendida or L. sempervirens], 320
Honeysuckle, Japanese [Lonicera japonica], 115
Horse chestnut [Aesculus hippocastanum], 93, 95, 976
Hottonia palustri [H. palustris], 551
Houseleek [Allium ampeloprasum ‘Porrum’], 98, 320
Hyacinth [Hyacinthus], 1006
Hydrangea, climbing [Hydrangea anomala], 795
Hydrocharis morsus ranae, 551
Hydrophyllum appendiculatum, 327, 329
Hydrophyllum canadense, 328
Hydrophyllum virginicum [H. virginianum], 327
Hypericum, 449
Ilex, 448
Immortelles [Helichrysum bracteat or Xeranthemum annuum], 320
Impatiens fulva, 551
Iris, 24, 320, 321, 326, 327, 328, 416, 475, 513, 536, 541, 551, 552, 679, 886
Iris, Japanese [Iris ensata], 679
Iris kaempferia [I. Kaempferi], 328
Iris prismatica, 328
Iris psedacorus [I. pseudacorus], 551
Iris sibirica, 328
Iris versicolor, 327
Iris virginica, 328
Irish yew [Taxus baccata ‘Stricta’], 541
Ivy [Hedera], 115, 224, 248, 320, 443, 448, 508, 513, 525, 527, 529, 539, 794, 795, 857, 858, 881, 882, 885, 934, 935
Ivy, Irish [Hedera helix hibernica], 882
Ivy, Japanese [Parthenocissus tricuspidata ‘Veitchii’ or Hedera rhombea], 115
Japanese asparagus [Aralia cordata], 611, 619
Jessamine, yellow [Gelsemium sempervirens], 795
Jimson weed [Datura stramonium], 505
Juniper [Juniperus], 318, 541, 794, 796
Juniper, Swedish [Juniperus communis ‘Suecica’], 541
Kaempferia [Iris Kaempferi], 328
Kalmia, 115, 118, 135, 210, 320, 448, 795, 935
Kohlrenteria [Koelreuteria], 794
Laurel, Mountain [Kalmia latifolia], 448, 842
Laurestinas [Laurustinus], 616
Laurus, 448
Ledum, 210
Leucojum estium [L. aestivum], 551
Leucothoe, 320
Liatris spicata, 328
Lilies [Lilium], 126, 327, 328, 416, 513, 527, 550, 552, 679
Lilium canadense, 328
Lilium superbum, 328
Lily, Day [Hemerocallis], 328
Lily, pond [Nymphaea odorata], 326, 513, 679
Lily, Water [Nymphaea], 327, 416, 550, 552
Limnanthemum lacunosum [Nymphoides aquatica or N. cordata], 329
Linaria cymbalaria [Cymbalaria muralis], 551
Linden, American [Tilia americana], 326
Lobelia syphilitica, 328
Locust, yellow [Robinia pseudoacacia], 142
Lonicera brachipoda [Lonicera brachypoda], 327, 328
[1035]
Loosestrife, swamp [Decodon verticillatus], 328
Lysimachia vulgaris, 551
Lythrum Salicaria, 551
Maclura (Osage Orange), 794, 979, 982
Madeira vine [Anredera cordifolia], 505, 541, 550, 551
Magnolia, 141, 513, 523, 591, 791, 794, 795, 976
Magnolia glauca [M. virginiana], 795
Magnolia grandiflora, 513, 523, 788
Mahonia aquifolia prostrata [Mahonia aquifolium Oregon grape], 934
Maple [Acer], 93, 95, 326, 392, 501, 502, 560, 751, 947, 976
Maple, silver [Acer saccharinum], 93, 95
Maple, sugar [Acer saccharum], 751
Maple, white [Acer saccharinum], 326, 501, 502
Mariposa [Calochortus], 78, 100, 101, 153, 399, 515
Marsilea quadrifolia, 329
Meadow Sweet [Spiraea alba or S. latifolia], 549
Melissa officinalis, 551
Meyanthes trifoliate, 328
Milkweed [Asclepias], 505
Milkweed, swamp [Asclepias incarnata], 328
Mint [Mentha], 320
Moneywort [Lysimachia nummularia], 224, 392
Morning glory [Ipomoea], 24, 541, 549, 550
Moss, 133, 177, 320, 525, 586, 880
Mulberry [Morus], 886
Mulberry, Russian [Morus alba ‘tatarica’], 326
Myrica, 796
Myrtle [Myrtus communis], 513
Nasturtium officinale, 328
Negundo, variegated [Acer negundo ‘Variegatum’], 326, 995
Nelumbian [Nelumbo nucifera], 395, 416, 417, 448
Nettles [Urtica], 530
Nicotiana affinis [N. alata], 328
Nupha [Nuphar], 328
Nupha advena [Nuphar advena], 329
Nymphea or Nymphia [Nymphaea], 328, 350, 351, 395
Nymphaea odorata, 329
Nymphaea odorata var. minor, 329
Nymphaea tuberosa, 329
Nymphaea lutea, 329
Oak [Quercus], 23, 25, 141, 171, 292, 329, 347, 350, 475, 668, 849–50, 852, 878, 880, 976
Oak, Black [Quercus velutina], 141
Oak, White [Quercus alba], 141
Onoclea sensibilis, 329
Ophioglossum vulgatum, 551
Opuntia, 320
Orange tree [Citrus × sinensis], 513, 515
Ornithogalum umbellatum, 551
Orontium aquatic [O. aquaticum], 328
Osmanthus cinnamonia [Osmunda cinnamomea], 328
Osmanthus regalis [Osmunda regalis], 328
Palms [Arecaceae or Palmae], 26, 518, 519
Palmetto [Sabal], 475
Papaw [Asimina triloba], 141, 794
Pawlonial [Paulownia], 1026
Pea, sweet [Lathyrus odoratus], 505
Pedicularis palustris, 551
Pennsylvanicum [Acer pensylvanicum], 794
Perennials, 884
Periwincle (Periwinkle) [Vinca], 449
Persimmon [Diospyros], 141, 794
Phlox subulata, 882
Physostegia virginica [P. virginiana], 329
Pine [Pinus], 112, 113, 318, 394, 553, 734, 795
Pine, yellow [Pinus echinata, P. palustris], 142, 317
Pine, white [Pinus strobus], 14, 113, 114, 144, 292, 317, 396
Pittosporum, 513
Plane, oriental [Platanus orientalis], 502, 885
Plants in pots, 26, 98, 505, 518, 519
Polygonum Bistorta, 551
Polypodium, 116
Pomegranite (Pomegranate) [Punica granatum], 513
[1036]
Pond-lily [Nymphaea odorata], 326, 679
Poplar [Populus spp.], 326, 392, 549, 886
Poplar, Aspen [Populus tremuloides], 1009
Poplar, Lombardy [Populus nigra ‘Italica’], 541
Poppy [Papaver], 515
Potamogetons, 329
Potentilla tridentata [Sibbaldiopsis tridentata], 882
Prismatica [Iris prismatica], 328
Ptelia trifoliate [P. trifoliata], 392
Ranunculus, 1006
Ranunculus, water [Ranunculus aquatilis], 536, 553
Rattle-box [Ludwigia alternifolia or Rhinanthus crista-galli], 141
Reedy plants, 24, 348, 392, 412, 416, 530, 536, 548
Rhododendron, xix, 7, 8, 135, 210, 214, 225, 259, 263, 320, 395, 442, 443, 445, 448, 449, 514, 552, 556, 612, 613, 616, 618, 619, 795, 842, 860, 882, 886, 935
Rhododendron, Belgian, 613
Rhododendron, Catawba [Rhododendron catawbiense], 449
Rhododendron, French, 613
Rhododendron, Mountain, 448
Rhodora, 118
Rhubarb [Rheum rhabarbarum], 530
Rosa lucida [R. virginiana], 327, 328
Rosa rubiginosa [R. eglanteria], 327
Rosa wichuraiana, 445
Rose [Rosa], 28, 41, 118, 119, 320, 327, 328, 353, 390, 445, 449, 514, 553, 666, 684, 750, 816, 823, 832, 839, 929, 930, 931
Rose mallow [Hibiscus moscheutos], 328
Rose, McCartney evergreen [Rosa bracteata], 320
Roses, running (rose class known as ramblers), 449
Rubus, 320, 392, 550, 613, 619, 794, 839
Rubus crataegifolia [Rubus crataegifolius], 794
Rubus hispidus, 320
Rubus leucodermis, 794
Rudbeckia laciniata, 328
Rudbeckia Newmanis [R. fulgida var. speciosa], 329
Rush [Juncus], 513, 530, 536, 548, 549, 552, 679, 886
Rushy plants, 530
Sagittaria [Saggitaria], 328, 448
Salix longifolia [S. interior], 397, 398
Salvia verbenica [S. verbenaca], 551
Saururus cernuus, 329
Saxifraga crassifolia [Bergenia crassifolia], 328
Saxifraga granulata, 551
Scilla autumnalis, 551
Sedge [Carex], 159, 177, 326, 328, 347, 549, 993
Sedum acre, 116
Sempervivum, 224
Shrub, 5, 12, 23, 24, 37, 38, 46, 48, 98, 110, 117, 121, 133, 181, 212, 213, 230, 292, 319, 320, 321, 327, 334, 353, 354, 355, 364, 365, 366, 392, 403, 404, 406, 445, 495, 516–17, 536, 541, 549, 552, 575, 591, 607, 616, 679, 730, 732, 733, 793, 794, 796, 797, 818, 858, 861, 864, 881, 882, 884, 899, 924, 925, 956, 964–66, 971, 977, 978, 987–88, 996, 1010, 1012
Silver poplar [Populus alba], 549
Sisyrinchium (Blue eyed grass), 328
Sium latifolium, 551
Smilax, 881
Solidago lanceolata, 329
Solidago tenuifolia, 329
Sophora, 995
Sour Wood (Sourwood) [Oxydendrum arboreum], 141, 794, 885
Spiraea [also Spirea], 328, 551, 884
Spiraea lobata [Filipendula rubra], 328
Spiraea ulmaria [Filipendula ulmaria], 551
Spiranthes, 329
Spruce [Picea], 414
St. John’s Wort [Hypericum], 839
Stellaria glauca, 551
Struthiopteris eryngium, 328
[1037]
Struthiopteris germanica [Matteuccia pensylvanica], 328
Struthiopteris yuccafolium [S. yuccifolium], 328
Sumac (also Sumach), aromatic [Rhus aromatica], 839
Sumac (also Sumach), larger [Rhus], 794
Sunflower, Nebraska [Helianthus], 513
Sunflower, western [Helianthus occidentalis], 505
Taxus canadensis, 794
Tenuifolia, 329
Thalictrum flavum, 551
Thorn [Crataegus], 523, 527, 530, 550, 552, 794, 885. See also Hawthorn
Thuya [Thuja or Chamœcyparis], 541
Trees, cone-bearing, 976
Tulip [Tulipa], 527, 594, 1006
Tulip tree [Liriodendron tulipifera], 8, 141, 788, 791
Turf (greensward), 9, 12, 36, 39, 44, 96, 97, 98, 121, 130, 181, 192, 210, 294, 307, 313, 316, 329, 348, 350, 354, 355–57, 379, 380, 382, 400, 402, 403, 404, 406, 413, 414, 417, 458, 504, 510, 530–31, 559, 592–94, 606, 612, 732, 770, 788, 806, 809, 831, 858, 884, 906, 976, 983, 988, 992
Umbrageous trees, 39, 141, 380, 401, 403, 424, 600, 836, 992
Umbrella tree [Magnolia tripetala], 141
Veratrum viride, 328
Veronicae [Veronica], 328, 882
Victoria regia [Victoria amazonica], 397, 398
Villarsia nympheoides, 551
Vines, 12, 98, 106, 117, 118, 141, 222, 225, 320, 355, 389, 416, 443, 478, 541, 552, 588, 607, 732, 795, 839, 858, 861, 881, 917, 936, 987, 998, 1000
Viola cucullata, 326, 327, 328
Violet, Marsh [Viola cucullata (Blue Marsh Violet)], 328
Virginia bower [Clematis virginiana], 505
Virginicum, 328–29
Walnut, black [Juglans nigra], 141
Water-side plants, 23, 448, 679
Whitewood [Liriodendron tulipifera], 141
Whortleberry [Vaccinium corymbosum or V. myrtillus], 839
Wild crab [Malus augustifolia], 885
Willow [Salix], 24, 25, 26, 326, 327, 328, 348, 350, 392, 397, 398, 475, 502, 520, 530, 541, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 615, 647, 679, 809, 886, 913
Willow, laurel-leaf [Salix pentandra], 398
Willow, sand bar [Salix interior], 398
Willow, shining [Salix lucida], 398
Willow, shrub, 348
Wisteria, American [Wisteria frutescens], 795
Wisteria, Chinese [Wisteria sinensis], 795
Woad Wax [Genista tinctoria], 796
Xyris Carolina, 328
Xyris flexuosa, 328